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Corporation Law, Memory Aid by San Beda College of Law Bar Operation Team

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Corporation Law

Corporation Law

A CORPORATION is a separate legal entity that has been incorporated through a legislative or registration process established through legislation. Incorporated entities have legal rights and liabilities that are distinct from their employees and shareholders, and may conduct business as either a profit-seeking business or not for profit business. Early incorporated entities were established by charter (i.e. by an ad hoc act granted by a monarch or passed by a parliament or legislature). Most jurisdictions now allow the creation of new corporations through registration. In addition to legal personality, registered corporations tend to have limited liability, be owned by shareholders who can transfer their shares to others, and controlled by a board of directors who are normally elected or appointed by the shareholders.

In American English the word corporation is widely used to describe large incorporated businesses. In British English and in the commonwealth countries, the term limited company is more widely used to describe the same sort of entity while the word corporation encompasses all incorporated entities. In American English, the word company can include entities such as partnerships that would not be referred to as companies in British English as they are not a separate legal entity.

Despite not being human beings, corporations, as far as the law is concerned, are legal persons, and have many of the same rights and responsibilities as natural people do. Corporations can exercise human rights against real individuals and the state, and they can themselves be responsible for human rights violations. Corporations can be “dissolved” either by statutory operation, order of court, or voluntary action on the part of shareholders. Insolvency may result in a form of corporate failure, when creditors force the liquidation and dissolution of the corporation under court order, but it most often results in a restructuring of corporate holdings. Corporations can even be convicted of criminal offenses, such as fraud and manslaughter. However corporations are not considered living entities in the way that humans are.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation

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Succession, Ordinary Wills – Cases Digests

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Law on Succession

Law on Succession

Nenita de Vera SUROZA vs. Judge Reynaldo P. HONRADO and Evangeline YUIPCO
A.M. No. 2026-CFI, December 19, 1981

Mauro Suroza, a corporal in the 45th Infantry of the US Army (Philippine Scouts) married Marcelina Salvador but they were childless. However, they reared a boy named Agapito who used the surname Suroza and who considred them as parents as shown in his marriage contract with Nenita de Vera. When Mauro died, Marcelina, as a veteran’s widow, became a pensioner of the Federal Government. Agapito and Nenita begot a child named Lilia and afterwards, Agapito also became a soldier. However, he was disabled and his wife was appointed as his guardian when he was declared an incompetent. In connection to this, a woman named Arsenia de la Cruz (apparently a girlfriend of Agapito) wanted also to be his guardian however the court confirmed Nenita’s appointment as guardian of Agapito.

The spouses Antonio Sy and Hermogena Talan begot a child named Marilyn Sy, who was delivered to Marcelina Salvador Suroza who brought her up as a supposed daughter of Agapito and as her granddaughter. Marilyn used the surname Suroza and stayed with Marcelina but was not legally adopted by Agapito.

Marcelina, being a veteran’s widow accumulated some cash in two banks. She executed a notarial will which is in English and was thumbmarked by her for she was illiterate. In that will, Marcelina bequeathed all her estate to Marilyn. After her death, Marina Paje (alleged to be a laundrywoman of Marcelina and the executrix in her will) filed a petition for probate of Marcelina’s alleged will. As there was no opposition, Judge Honrado appointed Marina as administratix and subsequently, issued two orders directing the two banks to allow Marina to withdraw from the savings of Marcelina and Marilyn Suroza and requiring the custodian of the passbooks to deliver them to Marina. Upon motion of Marina, Judge Honrado issued another order instructing the sheriff to eject the occupants of the testatrix’ house among whom was Nenita and to place Marina in possession thereof.

Nenita was then alerted to the existence of the testamentary proceeding hence, she and other occupants filed a motion to set aside the order ejecting them, alleging that the decedent’s son Agapito was the sole heir of the deceased; that he has a daughter named Lilia; that Nenita was Agapito’s guardian; and that Marilyn was not Agapito’s daughter nor the decedent’s granddaughter. Later, they questioned the probate court’s jurisdiction to issue the ejectment order. In spite of such fact, Judge Honrado issued on order probating Marcelina’s supposed will wherein Marilyn was the instituted heiress. Nenita filed in the testate case an omnibus petition “to set aside proceedings, admit opposition with counter petition for administration and preliminary injunction” reiterating that Marilyn was a stranger to Marcelina; that the will was not duly executed and attested; and that the thumbmarks of the testatrix were procured by fraud or trick.

Further, that the institution of Marilyn as heir is void because of the preterition of Agapito and that Marina was not qualified to act as executrix. Not contented with her motions, Nenita filed an opposition to the probate of the will and a counter-petition which was however, dismissed. Instead of appealing, Nenita filed a case to annul the probate proceedings which was also dismissed. Hence, this complaint.

Whether or not a disciplinary action should be taken against respondent judge for having admitted a will, which on its face is void.

Disciplinary action should be taken against respondent judge for his improper disposition of the testate case which might have resulted in a miscarriage of justice because the decedent’s legal heirs and not the instituted heiress in the void will should have inherited the decedent’s estate. Inefficiency implies negligence, incompetence, ignorance and carelessness. A judge would be inexcusably negligent if he failed in the performance of his duties that diligence, prudence and circumspection which the law requires in the rendition of any public service.

In this case, respondent judge, on perusing the will and noting that it was written in English and was thumbmarked by an obviously illiterate testatrix, could have readily perceived that the will is void.

Payad vs. Tolentino G.R. No. 42258. January 15, 1936

Victorio Payad filed a petition for the probate of the will of the decedent Leoncia Tolentino. This was opposed by Aquilina Tolentino, averring that said Will was made only after the death of the testatrix. The lower court denied the probate of the will on the ground that the attestation clause was not in conformity with the requirements of the law since it was not stated therein that the testatrix caused Atty. Almario to write her name at her express direction. Hence, this petition.

Was it necessary that the attestation clause state that the testatrix caused Atty. Almario to write her name at her express direction?

The evidence of record establishes the fact the Leoncia Tolentino, assisted by Attorney Almario, placed her thumb mark on each and every page of the questioned will and that said attorney merely wrote her name to indicate the place where she placed said thumb mark. In other words Attorney Almario did not sign for the testatrix. She signed by placing her thumb mark on each and every page thereof. “A statute requiring a will to be ‘signed’ is satisfied if the signature is made by the testator’s mark.” (Quoted by this court from 28 R. C. L., p. 117; De Gala vs. Gonzales and Ona, 53 Phil., 104, 108.) It is clear, therefore, that it was not necessary that the attestation clause in question should state that the testatrix requested Attorney Almario to sign her name inasmuch as the testatrix signed the will in question in accordance with law.

Source: http://jayandes.blogspot.com/2011/06/payad-vs-tolentino-gr-no-42258-january.html

In the Matter of the Will of Antero Mercado, deceased, Rosario GARCIA, vs. Juliana LACUESTA, et al
G.R. No. L-4067, November 29, 1951

A will was executed by Antero Mercado wherein it appears that it was signed by Atty. Florentino Javiwe who wrote the name of Antero. The testator was alleged to have written a cross immediately after his name. The Court of First Instance found that the will was valid but the Court of Appeals reversed the lower court’s decision holding that the attestation clause failed: 1) to certify that the will was signed on all the left margins of the three pages and at the end of the will by Atty. Javier at the express request of the testator in the presence of the testator and each and every one of the witnesses; 2) to certify that after the signing of the name of the testator by Atty. Javier at the former’s request said testator has written a cross at the end of his name and on the left margin of the three pages of which the will consists and at the end thereof 3) to certify that the witnesses signed the will in all the pages thereon in the presence of the testator and of each other. Hence, this appeal.

Whether or not the attestation clause is valid.

The attestation clause is fatally defective for failing to state that Antero Mercado caused Atty. Javier to write the testator’s name under his express direction, as required by section 168 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It is not here pretended that the cross appearing on the will is the usual signature of Antero Mercado or even one of the ways by which he signed his name. After mature reflection, the SC is not prepared to liken the mere sign of the cross to a thumbmark and the reason is obvious. The cross cannot and does not have the trustworthiness of a thumbmark.

Barut vs. Cabacungan, G.R. L-6825 Febriary 15, 1912

Pedro Barut applied for the probate of the will of Maria Salomon. It is alleged in the petition that testatrix died on Nov. 1908 in Sinait, Ilocos Sur leaving the will dated March 3, 1907. The said will was witnessed by 3 persons. From the terms it appears that the petitioner received a larger part of decedent’s property. After this disposition, the testatrix revoked all other wills and stated that since she is unable to read nor write, the will was read to her and that she has instructed Severino Agapan, one of the witnesses to sign her name in her behalf.

The lower court ruled that the will is not entitled to probate on the sole ground that the handwriting of the person who signed the name of the testatrix does not appear to be that of Agapan but that of another witness.

Whether or not a will’s validity is affected when the person instructed by a testator to write his name did not sign his name

No, it is immaterial who wrote the name of the testator provided it is written at her request and in her present, and in the presence of the witnesses. This is the only requirement under Sec. 618 of the Civil Code of procedure at that time.

Icasiano v. Icasiano, 11 SCRA 422 | Dela Cuesta

Celso Icasiano filed a petition for the allowance and admission to probate of the alleged will of Josefa Villacorte, and for his appointment as executor thereof. Natividad and Enrique Icasiano, a daughter and son of the testatrix, filed their opposition thereto. During the course of the trial, on 19 March 1959, Celso, started to present his evidence. But later, on 1 June 1959, he then filed an amended and supplemental petition, alleging that the decedent had left a will executed in duplicate and with all the legal requirements, and that he was submitting the duplicate to the court, which he found only on 26 May 1959. Natividad and Enrique filed their opposition, but the will and its duplicate was admitted to probate by the trial court. Hence, this appeal by the oppositors.

Oppositors-appellants (Natividad and Enrique) in turn introduced expert testimony to the effect that the signatures of the testatrix in the duplicate are not genuine, nor were they written or affixed on the same occasion as the original, and further aver that granting that the documents were genuine, they were executed through mistake and with undue influence and pressure because the testatrix was deceived into adopting as her last will and testament the wishes of those who will stand to benefit from the provisions of the will, as may be inferred from the facts and circumstances surrounding the execution of the will and the provisions and dispositions thereof, whereby proponents- appellees stand to profit from properties held by them as attorneys- in-fact of the deceased and not enumerated or mentioned therein, while oppositors-appellants are enjoined not to look for other properties not mentioned in the will, and not to oppose the probate of it, on penalty of forfeiting their share in the portion of free disposal.

Was the trial court correct in admitting the will and its duplicate to probate given the allegations of forgery of the testator’s signature, or that the will was executed under circumstances constituting fraud and undue influence and pressure? (Not raised by the appellants in the case but discussed by the Court and in Sir’s book) Is the failure of one of the witnesses to sign a page of the will fatal to its validity?

The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal, holding that both the will and its duplicate are valid in all respects.

On the allegations of forgery, fraud and undue influence:

The Court is satisfied that all the requisites for the validity of a will have been complied with. The opinion of a handwriting expert trying to prove forgery of the testatrix’s signature failed to convince the Court, not only because it is directly contradicted by another expert but principally because of the paucity of the standards used by him (only three other signatures), considering the advanced age of the testatrix, the evident variability of her signature, and the effect of writing fatigue.

Similarly, the alleged slight variance in blueness of the ink in the admitted and questioned signatures does not appear reliable, considering that standard and challenged writings were affixed to different kinds of paper, with different surfaces and reflecting power. On the whole, the testimony of the oppositor’s expert is insufficient to overcome that of the notary and the two instrumental witnesses as to the will’s execution, which were presented by Celso during the trial.

Nor is there adequate evidence of fraud or undue influence. The fact that some heirs are more favored than others is proof of neither. Diversity of apportionment is the usual reason for making a testament; otherwise, the decedent might as well die intestate. The testamentary disposition that the heirs should not inquire into other property and that they should respect the distribution made in the will, under penalty of forfeiture of their shares in the free part, do not suffice to prove fraud or undue influence. They appear motivated by the desire to prevent prolonged litigation which, as shown by ordinary experience, often results in a sizeable portion of the estate being diverted into the hands of non- heirs and speculators. Whether these clauses are valid or not is a matter to be litigated on another occasion. It is also well to note that fraud and undue influence are mutually repugnant and exclude each other; their joining as grounds for opposing probate shows absence of definite evidence against the validity of the will.

Abangan v. Abangan, 40 Phil 476, AVANCENA

On September 19, 1917, CFI of Cebu admitted to probate Ana Abangan’s will executed July, 1916. From this decision the opponents appealed.

The will consists of 2 sheets. The first contains all the disposition of the testatrix, duly signed at the bottom by Martin Montalban (in the name and under the direction of the testatrix) and by three witnesses. The following sheet contains only the attestation clause duly signed at the bottom by the three instrumental witnesses. Neither of these sheets is signed on the left margin by the testatrix and the three witnesses, nor numbered by letters. These omissions, according to appellants’ contention, are defects whereby the probate of the will should have been denied.

Whether or not the will was duly admitted to probate.

YES. In requiring that each and every sheet of the will be signed on the left margin by the testator and three witnesses in the presence of each other, Act No. 2645 evidently has for its object the avoidance of substitution of any of said sheets which may change the disposition of the testatrix. But when these dispositions are wholly written on only one sheet (as in the instant case) signed at the bottom by the testator and three witnesses, their signatures on the left margin of said sheet are not anymore necessary as such will be purposeless.

In requiring that each and every page of a will must be numbered correlatively in letters placed on the upper part of the sheet, it is likewise clear that the object of Act No. 2645 is to know whether any sheet of the will has been removed. But, when all the dispositive parts of a will are written on one sheet only, the object of the statute disappears because the removal of this single sheet, although unnumbered, cannot be hidden.

In a will consisting of two sheets the first of which contains all the testamentary dispositions and is signed at the bottom by the testator and three witnesses and the second contains only the attestation clause and is signed also at the bottom by the three witnesses, it is not necessary that both sheets be further signed on their margins by the testator and the witnesses, or be paged.

The object of the solemnities surrounding the execution of wills is to close the door against bad faith and fraud, to avoid substitution of wills and testaments and to guaranty their truth and authenticity. Therefore the laws on this subject should be interpreted in such a way as to attain these primordal ends. But, on the other hand, also one must not lose sight of the fact that it is not the object of the law to restrain and curtail the exercise of the right to make a will. So when an interpretation already given assures such ends, any other interpretation whatsoever, that adds nothing but demands more requisites entirely unnecessary, useless and frustative of the testator’s last will, must be disregarded.

Testate Estate of Cagro vs. Cagro, G.R. L-5826

The case is an appeal interposed by the oppositors from a decision of the CFI of Samar which admitted to probate a will allegedly executed by Vicente Cagro who died in Pambujan, Samar on Feb. 14, 1949.

The appellants insisted that the will is defective because the attestation was not signed by the witnesses at the bottom although the page containing the same was signed by the witnesses on the left hand margin.

Petitioner contended that the signatures of the 3 witnesses on the left hand margin conform substantially to law and may be deemed as their signatures to the attestation clause.

Whether or not the will is valid

Will is not valid. The attestation clause is a memorandum of the facts attending the execution of the will. It is required by law to be made by the attesting witnesses and it must necessarily bear their signatures.

An unsigned attestation clause cannot be considered as an act of the witnesses since the omission of their signatures at the bottom negatives their participation.

Moreover, the signatures affixed on the let hand margin is not substantial conformance to the law. The said signatures were merely in conformance with the requirement that the will must be signed on the left-hand margin of all its pages. If the attestation clause is unsigned by the 3 witnesses at the bottom, it would be easier to add clauses to a will on a subsequent occasion and in the absence of the testator and any or all of the witnesses.

The probate of the will is denied.

Source: http://lawsandfound.blogspot.com/2013/01/cagro-v-cagro-digest.html

Nera v. Rimando , G.R. L-5971 February 27, 1911 (‘Test of Presence’)

At the time the will was executed, in a large room connecting with a smaller room by a doorway where a curtain hangs across, one of the witnesses was in the outside room when the other witnesses were attaching their signatures to the instrument.

The trial court did not consider the determination of the issue as to the position of the witness as of vital importance in determining the case. It agreed with the ruling in the case of Jaboneta v. Gustillo that the alleged fact being that one of the subscribing witnesses was in the outer room while the signing occurred in the inner room, would not be sufficient to invalidate the execution of the will.

The CA deemed the will valid.

Whether or not the subscribing witness was able to see the testator and other witnesses in the act of affixing their signatures.

YES. The Court is unanimous in its opinion that had the witnesses been proven to be in the outer room when the testator and other witnesses signed the will in the inner room, it would have invalidated the will since the attaching of the signatures under the circumstances was not done ‘in the presence’ of the witnesses in the outer room. The line of vision of the witness to the testator and other witnesses was blocked by the curtain separating the rooms.

The position of the parties must be such that with relation to each other at the moment of the attaching the signatures, they may see each other sign if they chose to.

In the Jaboneta case, the true test of presence is not whether or not they actualy saw each other sign but whether they might have seen each other sign if they chose to doso considering their physical, mental condition and position in relation to each other at the moment of the inscription of the signature.

Source: http://lawsandfound.blogspot.com/2013/01/nera-v-rimando-digest.html

Cruz v. Villasor, G.R. L-32213 November 26, 1973

The CFI of Cebu allowed the probate of the last will and testament of the late Valenti Cruz. However, the petitioner opposed the allowance of the will alleging that it was executed through fraud, deceit, misrepresentation, and undue influence. He further alleged that the instrument was executed without the testator having been informed of its contents and finally, that it was not executed in accordance with law.

One of the witnesses, Angel Tevel Jr. was also the notary before whom the will was acknowledged. Despite the objection, the lower court admitted the will to probate on the ground that there is substantial compliance with the legal requirements of having at least 3 witnesses even if the notary public was one of them.

Whether or not the will is valid in accordance with Art. 805 and 806 of the NCC

No. The will is not valid. The notary public cannot be considered as the third instrumental witness since he cannot acknowledge before himself his having signed the said will. An acknowledging officer cannot serve as witness at the same time.

To acknowledge before means to avow, or to own as genuine, to assent, admit, and ‘before’ means in front of or preceding in space or ahead of. The notary cannot split his personality into two so that one will appear before the other to acknowledge his participation int he making of the will. To permit such situation would be absurd.

Finally, the function of a notary among others is to guard against any illegal or immoral arrangements, a function defeated if he were to be one of the attesting or instrumental witnesses. He would be interested in sustaining the validity of the will as it directly involves himself and the validity of his own act. he would be in an inconsistent position, thwarting the very purpose of the acknowledgment, which is to minimize fraud.

Source: http://lawsandfound.blogspot.com/2013/01/cruz-v-villasor-digest.html

Javellana vs. Ledesma, G.R. No. L-7179

The CFI of Iloilo admitted to probate a will and codicil executed by the deceased Apolinaria Ledesma in July 1953. This testament was deemed executed on May 1950 and May 1952. The contestant was the sister and nearest surviving relative of the deceased. She appealed from this decision alleging that the will were not executed in accordance with law.

The testament was executed at the house of the testatrix. One the other hand, the codicil was executed after the enactment of the New Civil Code (NCC), and therefore had to be acknowledged before a notary public. Now, the contestant, who happens to be one of the instrumental witnesses asserted that after the codicil was signed and attested at the San Pablo hospital, that Gimotea (the notary) signed and sealed it on the same occasion. Gimotea, however, said that he did not do so, and that the act of signing and sealing was done afterwards.

One of the allegations was that the certificate of acknowledgement to the codicil was signed somewhere else or in the office of the notary. The ix and the witnesses at the hospital, was signed and sealed by the notary only when he brought it in his office.

Whether or not the signing and sealing of the will or codicil in the absence of the testator and witnesses affects the validity of the will

No. Unlike in the Old Civil Code of 1899, the NCC does not require that the signing of the testator, the witnesses and the notary be accomplished in one single act. All that is required is that every will must be acknowledged before a notary public by the testator and witnesses. The subsequent signing and sealing is not part of the acknowledgement itself nor of the testamentary act. Their separate execution out of the presence of the testator and the witnesses cannot be a violation of the rule that testaments should be completed without interruption.

Source: http://lawsandfound.blogspot.com/2013/02/javellana-v-ledesma-digest.html

Garcia v. Vasquez, G.R. No. L-26808 March 28, 1969

Gliceria del Rosario executed 2 wills, one in June 1956, written in Spanish, a language she knew an spoke. The other will was executed in December 1960 consisting of only one page, and written in Tagalog. The witnesses to the 1960 will declared that the will was first read ‘silently’ by the testatrix before signing it. The probate court admitted the will.

The oppositors alleged that the as of December 1960, the eyesight of the deceased was so poor and defective that she could not have read the provisions contrary to the testimony of the witnesses.

Whether or not the will is valid

The will is not valid. If the testator is blind, Art. 808 of the New Civil Code (NCC) should apply.If the testator is blind or incapable of reading, he must be apprised of the contents of the will for him to be able to have the opportunityto object if the provisions therein are not in accordance with his wishes.

The testimony of her opthalmologist established that notwithstanding an operation to remove her cataract and being fitted with the lenses, this did not improve her vision. Her vision remained mainly for viewing distant objects and not for reading. There was no evidence that her vision improved at the time of the execution of the 2nd will. Hence, she was incapable of reading her own will. The admission of the will to probate is therefor erroneous.

Source: http://lawsandfound.blogspot.com/2013/02/garcia-v-vasquez-digest.html

Alvarado v. Gaviola, 226 SCRA 347 | JEN SUCCESSION REVIEWER

On 5 November 1977, 79-year old Brigido Alvarado executed a notarial will entitled “Huling Habilin” wherein he disinherited an illegitimate son, petitioner Cesar Alvarado, and expressly revoked a previously executed holographic will at the time awaiting probate before the RTC of Laguna.

According to Bayani Ma. Rino, private respondent, he was present when the said notarial will was executed, together with three instrumental witnesses and the notary public, where the testator did not read the will himself, suffering as he did from glaucoma. Rino, a lawyer, drafted the eight-page document and read the same aloud before the testator, the three instrumental witnesses and the notary public, the latter four following the reading with their own respective copies previously furnished them.

Thereafter, a codicil entitled “Kasulatan ng Pagbabago ng Ilang Pagpapasiya na Nasasaad sa Huling Habilin na May Petsa Nobiembre 5, 1977 ni Brigido Alvarado” was executed changing some dispositions in the notarial will to generate cash for the testator’s eye operation. Said codicil was likewise not read by Brigido Alvarado and was read in the same manner as with the previously executed will.

When the notarial will was submitted to the court for probate, Cesar Alvarado filed his opposition as he said that the will was not executed and attested as required by law; that the testator was insane or mentally incapacitated due to senility and old age; that the will was executed under duress, or influence of fear or threats; that it was procured by undue pressure and influence on the part of the beneficiary; and that the signature of the testator was procured by fraud or trick.

Whether or not notarial will of Brigido Alvarado should be admitted to probate despite allegations of defects in the execution and attestation thereof as testator was allegedly blind at the time of execution and the double-reading requirement under Art. 808 of the NCC was not complied with.

YES. The spirit behind the law was served though the letter was not. Although there should be strict compliance with the substantial requirements of law in order to insure the authenticity of the will, the formal imperfections should be brushed aside when they do not affect its purpose and which, when taken into account, may only defeat the testator’s will. Cesar Alvardo was correct in asserting that his father was not totally blind (of counting fingers at 3 feet) when the will and codicil were executed, but he can be so considered for purposes of Art. 808. That Art. 808 was not followed strictly is beyond cavil. However, in the case at bar, there was substantial compliance where the purpose of the law has been satisfied: that of making the provisions known to the testator who is blind or incapable of reading the will himself (as when he is illiterate) and enabling him to object if they do not accord with his wishes.

Rino read the testator’s will and codicil aloud in the presence of the testator, his three instrumental witnesses, and the notary public. Prior and subsequent thereto, the testator affirmed, upon being asked, that the contents read corresponded with his instructions. Only then did the signing and acknowledgment take place.

There is no evidence that the contents of the will and the codicil were not sufficiently made known and communicated to the testator. With four persons, mostly known to the testator, following the reading word for word with their own copies, it can be safely concluded that the testator was reasonably assured that what was read to him were the terms actually appearing on the typewritten documents.

The rationale behind the requirement of reading the will to the testator if he is blind or incapable of reading the will to himself (as when he is illiterate), is to make the provisions thereof known to him, so that he may be able to object if they are not in accordance with his wishes. Although there should be strict compliance with the substantial requirements of law in order to insure the authenticity of the will, the formal imperfections should be brushed aside when they do not affect its purpose and which, when taken into account, may only defeat the testator’s will.

Tedoro CANEDA, et al.petitioners vs. Hon. COURT OF APPEALS and William CABRERA, as Special Administrator of the Estate of Mateo Caballero, respondents.

On December 5, 1978, Mateo Caballero, a widower without any children, already in the twilight years of his life executed a last will and testament before three attesting witnesses and he was duly assisted by his lawyer and a notary public. It was declared therein that, among other things that the testator was leaving by way of legacies and devises his real and personal properties to specific persons, all of whom do not appear to be related to Mateo. Not long after, he himself filed a petition before the CFI seeking the probate of his last will and testament but the scheduled hearings were postponed, until the testator passed away before his petition could finally be heard by the probate court. Benoni Cabrera, one of the legatees named in the will, sought his appointment as special administrator of the testator’s estate but due to his death, he was succeeded by William Cabrera, who was appointed by RTC which is already the probate court.

PETITIONERS: The petitioners assail to the allowance of the testator’s will on the ground that it was not executed in accordance with all the requisites of law since the testator was already in a poor state of health such that he could not have possibly executed the same. Petitioners likewise contend that the will is null and void because its attestation clause is fatally defective since it fails to specifically state that the instrumental witnesses to the will witnessed the testator signing the will in their presence and that they also signed the will and all the pages thereof in the presence of the testator and of one another.

RESPONDENTS: The respondent, on the other hand, argue that Mateo was of sound and disposing mind and in good health when he executed his will. Further, they also contend that the witnesses attested and signed the will in the presence of the testator and of each other.

Whether or not the attestation clause in the last will of Mateo Caballero is fatally defective such that whether or not it affects the validity of the will.

Whether or not the attestation clause complies with the substantial compliance pursuant to Article 809 of the Civil Code.

An attestation clause refers to that part of an ordinary will whereby the attesting witnesses certify that the instrument has been executed before them and to the manner of the execution of the same. It is a separate memorandum or record of the facts surrounding the conduct of execution and once signed by the witnesses; it gives affirmation to the fact that compliance with the essential formalities required by law has been observed. Under the 3rd paragraph of Article 805, such a clause, the complete lack of which would result in the invalidity of the will, should state:

      1. The number of pages used upon which the will is written;

      2. That the testator signed, or expressly cause another to sign, the will and every page thereof in the presence of the attesting witnesses; and

      3. That the attesting witnesses witnessed the signing by the testator of the will and all its pages, and that the said witnesses also signed the will and every page thereof in the presence of the testator and of one another.

It will be noted that Article 805 requires that the witness should both attest and subscribe to the will in the presence of the testator and of one another. “Attestation” and “subscription” differ in meaning. Attestation is the act of sense, while subscription is the act of the hand. The attestation clause herein assailed is that while it recites that the testator indeed signed the will and all its pages in the presence of the three attesting witnesses and states as well the number of pages that were used, the same does not expressly state therein the circumstance that said witnesses subscribed their respective signatures to the will in the presence of the testator and of each other. What is then clearly lacking is the statement that the witnesses signed the will and every page thereof in the presence of the testator and of one another.

The absence of the statement required by law is a fatal defect or imperfection which must necessarily result in the disallowance of the will that is here sought to be admitted to probate. Petitioners are correct in pointing out that the defect in the attestation clause obviously cannot be characterized as merely involving the form of the will or the language used therein which would warrant the application of the substantial compliance rule, as contemplated in Article 809 of the Civil Code:

In the absence of bad faith, forgery, or fraud or undue and improper pressure and influence, defects and imperfection in the form of attestation or in the language used therein shall not render the will invalid if it is not proved that the will was in fact executed and attested in substantial compliance with all the requirements of Article 805.

The defects and imperfection must only be with respect to the form of the attestation or the language employed therein. Such defects or imperfection would not render a will invalid should it be proved that the will was really executed and attested in compliance with Article 805. These considerations do not apply where the attestation clause totally omits the fact that the attesting witnesses signed each and every page of the will in the presence of the testator and of each other. In such a situation, the defect is not only in the form or language of the attestation clause but the total absence of a specific element required by Article 805 to be specifically stated in the attestation clause of a will. That is precisely the defect complained of in the present case since there is no plausible way by which it can be read into the questioned attestation clause statement, or an implication thereof, that the attesting witness did actually bear witness to the signing by the testator of the will and all of its pages and that said instrumental witnesses also signed the will and every page thereof in the presence of the testator and of one another.

Source: UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS COLLEGE OF LAW, WILLS AND SUCCESSION, CASE DIGEST`

Danilo ALUAD, et al., petitioners vs. Zenaido ALUAD, respondent
G.R. No. 176943, October 17, 2008

Petitioner’s mother, Maria Aluad and respondent Zenaido Aluad were raised by the childless spouses Matilde and Crispin Aluad. Crispin was the owner of six lots of Pilar Cadastre, Capiz. After his death, Matilde adjudicated the lots to herself and thereafter, she executed a Deed of Donation of Real Property Inter Vivos in favor of Maria covering all the six lots. The Deed provided that such will become effective upon the death of the Donor, but in the event that the Donee should die before the Donor, the present donation shall be deemed rescinded. Provided, however, that anytime during the lifetime of the Donor or anyone of them who should survive, they could use, encumber or even dispose of any or even all of the parcels of the land.

Matilde sold one of the lots to Zenaido and subsequently, Matilde executed a last will and testament devising four (4) of the lots to Maria and the remaining lot to Zenaido. Maria died a few months after Matilde’s death. Thereafter, Maria’s heirs (herein petitioners) filed before the RTC a complaint for declaration and recovery of ownership and possession of the two lots conveyed and donated to Zenaido, alleging that no rights have been transmitted to the latter because such lots have been previously alienated to them to Maria via the Deed of Donation. The lower court decided in favor of the petitioners however, CA reversed said decision upon appeal of Zenaido which held that the Deed of Donation was actually a donation mortis causa, not inter vivos and as such it had to, but did not, comply with the formalities of a will. Due to the denial of the petitioner’s Motion for Reconsideration, the present Petition for Review has been filed.

Whether or not the Deed of Donation is donation inter vivos and whether or not such deed is valid.

If so, whether or not Matilde Aluad has the right to convey the lots in question to Zenaido Aluad.

The Court finds the donation to Maria Aluad (petitioner’s mother) one of mortis causa, it having the following characteristics:

  1. It conveys no title or ownership to the transferee before the death of the transferor, or what amounts to the same thing, that the transferor should retain the ownership (full or naked) and control of the property while alive;

  2. That before the death of the transferor, the transfer should be revocable, by the transferor at will, ad nutum, but revocability may be provided for indirectly by means of a reserved power in the donor to dispose of the properties conveyed; and

  3. That the transfer should be void of the transferor should survive the transferee.

The phrase in the earlier-qouted Deed of Donation “to become effective upon the death of the DONOR” admits of no other interpretation than to mean that Matilde did not intend to transfer the ownership of the six lots to petitioner’s mother during the former’s lifetime. Further the statement, “anytime during the lifetime of the DONOR or anyone of them who should survive, they could use, encumber or even dispose of any or even all the parcels of land herein donated,” means that Matilde retained ownership of the lots and reserved in her the right to dispose them. For the right to dispose of a thing without other limitations than those established by law is an attribute of ownership. The phrase, “anyone of them who should survive” is out of sync. For the Deed of Donation clearly stated that it would take effect upon the death of the donor, hence, said phrase could only have referred to the donor.

The donation being then mortis causa, the formalities of a will should have been observed but they were not, as it was witnessed by only two, not three or more witnesses following Article 805 of the Civil Code. It is void and transmitted no right to petitioner’s mother. But even assuming arguendo that the formalities were observed, since it was not probated, no right to the two lots was transmitted to Maria. Matilde thus validly disposed the lot to Zenaido by her last will and testament, subject to the qualification that her will must be probated. With respect to the conveyed lot, the same had been validly sold by Matilde to Zenaido.

Download Succession, Ordinary Wills – Case Digests in PDF file (printable format)


How Do Court Reporters Keep Straight Faces?

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Law Jokes

Law Jokes

These are from a book called Disorder in the Courts and are things people actually said in court, word for word, taken down and published by court reporters that had the torment of staying calm while the exchanges were taking place.

ATTORNEY: What was the first thing your husband said to you that morning?
WITNESS: He said, ‘Where am I, Cathy?’
ATTORNEY: And why did that upset you?
WITNESS: My name is Susan!
_______________________________
ATTORNEY: What gear were you in at the moment of the impact?
WITNESS: Gucci sweats and Reeboks.
____________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Are you sexually active?
WITNESS: No, I just lie there.
____________________________________________
ATTORNEY: What is your date of birth?
WITNESS: July 18th.
ATTORNEY: What year?
WITNESS: Every year.
_____________________________________
ATTORNEY: How old is your son, the one living with you?
WITNESS: Thirty-eight or thirty-five, I can’t remember which.
ATTORNEY: How long has he lived with you?
WITNESS: Forty-five years.
_________________________________
ATTORNEY: This myasthenia gravis, does it affect your memory at all?
WITNESS: Yes.
ATTORNEY: And in what ways does it affect your memory?
WITNESS: I forget..
ATTORNEY: You forget? Can you give us an example of something you forgot?
___________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Now doctor, isn’t it true that when a person dies in his sleep, he doesn’t know about it until the next morning?
WITNESS: Did you actually pass the bar exam?
____________________________________

ATTORNEY: The youngest son, the 20-year-old, how old is he?
WITNESS: He’s 20, much like your IQ.
___________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Were you present when your picture was taken?
WITNESS: Are you shitting me?
_________________________________________
ATTORNEY: So the date of conception (of the baby) was August 8th?
WITNESS: Yes.
ATTORNEY: And what were you doing at that time?
WITNESS: Getting laid
____________________________________________

ATTORNEY: She had three children , right?
WITNESS: Yes.
ATTORNEY: How many were boys?
WITNESS: None.
ATTORNEY: Were there any girls?
WITNESS: Your Honor, I think I need a different attorney. Can I get a new attorney?
____________________________________________
ATTORNEY: How was your first marriage terminated?
WITNESS: By death..
ATTORNEY: And by whose death was it terminated?
WITNESS: Take a guess.
___________________________________________

ATTORNEY: Can you describe the individual?
WITNESS: He was about medium height and had a beard
ATTORNEY: Was this a male or a female?
WITNESS: Unless the Circus was in town I’m going with male.
_____________________________________
ATTORNEY: Is your appearance here this morning pursuant to a deposition notice which I sent to your attorney?
WITNESS: No, this is how I dress when I go to work.
______________________________________
ATTORNEY: Doctor , how many of your autopsies have you performed on dead people?
WITNESS: All of them. The live ones put up too much of a fight.
_________________________________________
ATTORNEY: ALL your responses MUST be oral, OK? What school did you go to?
WITNESS: Oral…
_________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Do you recall the time that you examined the body?
WITNESS: The autopsy started around 8:30 PM
ATTORNEY: And Mr. Denton was dead at the time?
WITNESS: If not, he was by the time I finished.
____________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Are you qualified to give a urine sample?
WITNESS: Are you qualified to ask that question?

______________________________________
And last:

ATTORNEY: Doctor, before you performed the autopsy, did you check for a pulse?
WITNESS: No.
ATTORNEY: Did you check for blood pressure?
WITNESS: No.
ATTORNEY: Did you check for breathing?
WITNESS: No..
ATTORNEY: So, then it is possible that the patient was alive when you began the autopsy?
WITNESS: No.
ATTORNEY: How can you be so sure, Doctor?
WITNESS: Because his brain was sitting on my desk in a jar.
ATTORNEY: I see, but could the patient have still been alive, nevertheless?
WITNESS: Yes, it is possible that he could have been alive and practicing law.


SONA 2013 Transcript

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SONA 2013 Transcript

SONA 2013 Transcript

State of the Nation Address
of
His Excellency Benigno S. Aquino III
President of the Philippines
To the Congress of the Philippines

[Delivered at the Session Hall of the House of Representatives, Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City, on July 22, 2013]

Marami pong salamat. Maupo ho tayong lahat.

Bise Presidente Jejomar Binay; Senate President Franklin M. Drilon; Speaker Feliciano Belmonte Jr.; Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno at ang ating mga kagalang-galang na mahistrado ng Korte Suprema; mga dating Pangulong Fidel Valdez Ramos at Joseph Ejercito Estrada; mga kagalang-galang na kagawad ng kalipunang diplomatiko; mga miyembro ng Senado at Kamara de Representante; mga opisyal ng lokal na pamahalaan; mga miyembro ng Gabinete; mga unipormadong kasapi ng militar at kapulisan; mga kapwa ko nagseserbisyo sa taumbayan; at sa aking mga Boss, ang mga minamahal kong kababayan:

Isang magandang hapon po sa inyong lahat. [Applause]

Ito po ang aking ikaapat na SONA; dalawa na lamang ang natitira. Halos apat na taon na nga po ang lumipas nang una akong nilapitan ng ilang kampo upang hikayating tumakbo sa pagkapangulo. Ang sabi nila: Alam naming hindi masosolusyunan sa isang tulog, sa isang taon, o kahit pa sa anim na taong termino ng isang Presidente ang lahat ng problema ng bansa. Pero simulan mo lang, at tiyak, kasama mo kaming mag-aaruga nito.

Noon pa man, mulat po ako sa tindi ng mga problemang aking kakaharapin. Mula sa pagiging kandidato, o Presidente na, o kahit ba matapos nang makababa sa puwesto, hindi biro ang peligrong kakambal ng trabahong ito. Malawakang transpormasyon ng lipunan ang aking hangarin, at mulat akong marami akong kailangang banggain para matupad ito. Pero hindi po ako pinalaki ng aking mga magulang para tumiklop lamang sa mga hamon. Hindi ko mahaharap ang aking sarili kung tinanggihan ko ang pagkakataong bawasan ang pagdurusang hindi naman dapat dinaraanan ng Pilipino. [Applause]

Tumugon nga po tayo sa panawagan, at ang mga kasama natin noong una, nadagdagan pa. Sa paniniwala ko nga po, kung tama ang aking ginagawa, lalo pang dadami ang ating magiging kasangga. Nito ngang nakaraang Mayo, tinanong ko kayo, “Boss, tama ba ang direksyon natin?” Ang tugon ninyo: “Tama, at pabilisin pa natin ang transpormasyon ng lipunan.” Humiling ako ng mga kakamping makikisagwan sa iisang direksyon, at ibinigay ninyo ito. Ang totoo nga po, hindi lang mayorya, hindi lang siyam sa labindalawa, kundi siyam sa sampung pinakamataas na puwesto na senador ay mga taong inilapit ko sa inyo. [Applause] Sa aking pakiwari, malinaw po ang mensahe nitong huling halalan: Tama, ituloy natin, damihan pa natin ang 8,581 na sitiong napailawan; dagdagan pa natin ang 28,398 na pamilyang dati’y informal settler, ngunit ngayon ay mayroon na o magkakaroon na ng disenteng tirahan; palaguin pa natin ang di bababa sa 40 bilyong piso kada taong dagdag ng perang napupunta sa edukasyon, kalusugan, serbisyong panlipunan, at marami pang iba, dahil sa tama at mas masugid na pagkolekta ng buwis; dama namin ang marami pang ibang patunay na talagang nagbabago ang lipunan. Lalo nga po akong nabuhayan sa ipinarating ninyong mensahe; malinaw po talagang hindi ako nag-iisa sa pagpasan ng mga responsibilidad. [Applause] Paano ba naman pong hindi lalakas ang aking loob, kung pati ang mga tulad ni Ginoong Niño Aguirre ay nakikihubog sa ating kinabukasan? Isipin po ninyo, hindi na nga makalakad dahil sa kapansanan, pilit pa rin niyang inakyat ang presintong nasa ikaapat na palapag ng gusali, para lang makaboto at makiambag sa tunay na pagbabago ng lipunan. Salamat, Ginoong Aguirre. [Applause]

Hindi nga po nauubos ang mga Pilipinong handang makiambag, na siyang ugat ng pagbabagong tinatamasa natin ngayon. Ang stratehiya: Sagarin ang oportunidad para sa lahat, lalo na para sa mga mas nangangailangan. Hindi natin pakay maghintay ng trickle down; hindi puwedeng baka sakali o tsamba lang silang daratnan ng mga biyaya ng kaunlaran. Ito pong tinatawag nating inclusive growth—itong malawakang kaunlaran—ang mismong prinsipyong bukal ng bawat inisyatiba, bawat kilos, bawat desisyon ng inyong gobyerno. Ang maiiwan na lamang ay ang ayaw sumama, dahil hindi sinamantala ang pagkakataon.

Ang atin pong batayang prinsipyo: Malawakang pagkakataon ang susi sa malawakan at pangmatagalang kaunlaran. Huwag po sana nating kalimutan na ang pagkakataon ay punla lamang. Kailangan itong diligin ng sipag, alagaan ng determinasyon, at payabungin ng dedikasyon. Tingnan nga lang po natin ang mga TESDA-DOLE scholars. Sa 503,521 na napagtapos na natin dito, tinatayang anim sa bawat sampu ang nagtatrabaho na. [Applause] Noong araw po, ayon sa pag-aaral ng DBM noong 2006 hanggang 2008, ang nakakahanap ng trabaho sa mga napagtapos ng TESDA: 28.5 percent lamang. Noong lumipas na taon naman po: sa IT-BPO program, 70.9 percent ang employment rate ng ating mga nagtapos sa TESDA. Sa electronics and semiconductor program naman, umabot sa 85 percent na mga nagtapos noong 2012 ang nagkatrabaho. Malinaw po: Kayo mismo ang huhubog, kayo mismo ang magdidikta kung hinog at matamis ang bungang kolektibo nating pipitasin, o kung magiging bulok at katiting ang kahihinatnan ng mga pagkakataong bumubukas sa kabanatang ito ng ating kasaysayan.

Isa-isahin po natin. Ang layuning palawakin ang saklaw ng Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program: natupad. Ang dinatnan nating mahigit 700,000 kabahayang benepisyaryo ng programa noong 2010, umabot na sa halos apat na milyon na kabahayan sa ating pong administrasyon. [Applause]

Mayroon pa po: Galing sa pag-aaral ng Philippine Institute for Development Studies, mas malaki ng tinatayang 40 porsyento ang sinasahod ng mga naka-graduate ng high school, kumpara sa mga elementarya lang ang tinapos. Di po ba makatuwirang sagarin na natin ang tulong na ibinibigay natin sa mga pamilya, upang makumpleto na ng mga batang benepisyaryo ang high school, at sa gayon ay maisagad na rin ang benepisyo ng programang ito? Kaya nga po, sa susunod na taon, magiging saklaw na ng programa ang mga pamilyang may kabataang abot sa 18 taong gulang, upang hanggang sa high school ay makapagtapos na sila. [Applause]

Sa edukasyon naman po: ang layunin nating itaas ang kalidad ng kaalamang natututuhan ng kabataan, upang matapos mag-aral ay mapanghawakan nila ang mga oportunidad na bumubukas sa ating lipunan: natupad po. Nabura na ang minana nating kakulangan sa libro at upuan, at kung magpapatuloy nga po ang pagpapakitang-gilas ni Kalihim Brother Armin Luistro, [applause] pati po ang kakulangan sa silid-aralan ay mabubura na rin sa taong ito. Ang magandang balita pa: May kakayahan na tayong paghandaan ang magiging pangangailangan dahil sa K to 12 program. [Applause]

Hindi po biro ang dinatnang mga problema ni Brother Armin sa DepEd. Isipin po ninyo, kada isang textbook, pinepresyuhan dati ng 58 pesos; nang siya na ang namumuno, bumaba ang presyo ng eksaktong libro sa 30 pesos. Paano po kaya kung dati pa nagbayad ng tamang halaga para sa mga aklat na ito? Kung natipid natin ang diperensyang 28 pesos, at may limang textbook ang bawat sa isang tinatayang 20.7 million na estudyante sa ating public school system, ang katumbas nito: halos 2.9 billion pesos. [Applause] Kaya po sana nitong pondohan ang plano nating pagpapaayos at rehabilitasyon ng nasa 9,502 na silid-aralan.

Kung nagkulang sa lakas ng loob si Brother Armin, puwede namang ipamana na lang sa susunod sa kanya ang kultura ng pagwawalang-bahala sa kanyang ahensya. Puwede naman din pong ipamana na lang ang mga backlog; ipasa na lang sa susunod ang lolobong pagkukulang dahil sa dumaraming mga enrolee kada taon. Pero itong si Brother Armin, imbes na makuntento, imbes na sabihing, “Puwede na ‘yan, tapos na ang trabaho ko,” gagawa pa siya ng mas maraming upuan at classroom, at bibili ng mas maraming libro, upang siguruhing pati ang para sa susunod na mga taon ay mapunuan na rin. [Applause]

Ang pagpapalakas naman sa sektor ng agrikultura: natupad din. Isipin po ninyo, ayon sa NFA: Noong 2010, nag-angkat ang bansa ng mahigit dalawang milyong metriko tonelada ng bigas. Noong 2011, bumaba ito sa 855,000 metric tons. Noong 2012: 500,000 metric tons na lang. At ngayong 2013: Ang pinakasagad na nating aangkatin, kasama na ang pribadong sektor, ay ang minimum access volume na 350,000 metric tons. [Applause] Nakapaloob na po dito ang 187,000 metric tons sa reserbang buffer stock sakaling magsunud-sunod ang bagyo; malamang, dahil on-target pa rin tayo sa rice self-sufficiency, hindi na rin kailangan pang mag-angkat ng pribadong sektor. Dagdag pa po diyan, nagsimula na tayong mag-export ng matataas na uri ng bigas. Ang layo na po talaga natin doon sa panahong sinasabing hindi raw natin kayang pakainin ang ating sarili. [Applause]

Datos na rin po ang pruweba: Lumago ng 3.3 percent ang sektor na ito sa unang tatlong buwan ng 2013. Triple po ang itinaas nito mula sa 1.1 percent growth noong parehong panahon ng 2012. Kaya naman, patuloy po tayong nagpupunla ng mga inisyatibang pihadong magbubunga ng higit na kaunlaran sa ating mga magsasaka.

Halimbawa po, sa niyog. Ayon sa pagsusuri noong 2009, isa sa mga pinakamahirap na sektor sa bansa ang coconut farmers. Ang proseso ng pagsasaka nito: Pagkatanim, pitong taong hihintaying mamunga ang niyog, pero pagkatapos, dalawang henerasyon ang wala nang ibang kailangang gawin kundi mamitas na lang nang mamitas. May potensyal po tayong palakihin ang kita ng sektor na ito kung maglalatag tayo ng kulturang mas nang-eengganyo ng sipag at pagiging produktibo. Ang tugon: intercropping.

Tutulong ang gobyernong magpalakas sa iyong niyogan, kapalit ng obligasyong magpunla ng iba’t ibang binhi sa pagitan ng mga hilera ng niyog. Mas dadalas ang ani ng magsasaka, at depende sa kanilang itatanim, lalaki ang kanilang kita. Kung sa niyog lang, sa bawat ektarya, nasa 20,000 piso po kada taon ang kinikita ng magsasaka. Kung dadagdagan ito ng kape, maaaring pumalo ng 172,400 pesos ang kita; kung saging, aabot sa 102,325 pesos ang maaaring kitain, samantalang 89,000 pesos naman sa cacao. Ang laking diperensya, di po ba?

Nasimulan na po nating ilatag ang mga inisyatiba para rito: Nitong 2012, umabot na sa 5,500 hectares ng lupain ang ginagamit natin para sa intercropping sa 90 lokasyon sa bansa. Saklaw po nito ang 10,000 sa ating mga magsasaka. Ang target naman natin ngayong 2013: dagdag pang 434 sites para sa coconut intercropping. [Applause]

Itinitimon na rin po natin tungo sa mas produktibong pampang ang ating mga mangingisda. Isipin po ninyo: Pumalo sa 193.65 billion pesos ang ambag ng industriya ng pangingisda sa ating ekonomiya nitong 2012, pero sa kabila nito, 41 porsyento pa rin sa ating mga mangingisda ang maralita nang huli itong sukatin noong 2009. Sila ang nanghuhuli ng isda, pero ang natitira para sa kanilang pamilya, tinik na lang.

Kaya nga po: Nariyan ang maraming inisyatiba ng pamahalaan upang tulungang makaalpas sa lambat ng kahirapan ang ating mga mangingisda. Halimbawa nga po ang para sa Bataraza sa lalawigan ng Palawan. Sagana ang katubigan sa paligid nito. Pero dahil hindi mapaabot sa mga merkado nang sariwa ang isda, ginagawa na lamang itong tuyo. Sayang naman po, kasi sa bawat tatlong kilo ng lapu-lapu, isang kilo lang ang tuyong nagagawa. Paano kung mapahaba ang pagkasariwa ng isda dahil sa cold storage facility? Pupunta ka sa merkado nang sagad pa rin ang presyo ng huli mo. Parehong sikap sa paghuli, pero ang makukuha mo, tamang halaga. Kaya nga po, kasado na ang cold storage facility para sa Bataraza. [Applause] Kasabay po nito, nagtatayo na rin tayo ng mga bagong pantalan sa mga stratehikong lugar upang mapalago pa ang produksyon at kita. Ipinapaayos natin ang mga kalsada, tulay, at iba pang imprastruktura, pati na ang serbisyo para sa ating mga mangingisda.

Mahigpit din pong binabantayan ng DILG, BFAR, at Coast Guard ang pangingisda nang walang habas; ang hiling ko nga pong ambag sa ating mga mangingisda: Pagpahingahin natin ang mga dagat. Hinihikayat ko po kayong sumama sa pangangalaga ng inyong kabuhayan; nakikita naman po ninyo: Ang oportunidad, inilalapit na sa inyo ng estado, pero ang resulta, syempre, nasa kamay ninyo.

Kung may isa man pong paksang paboritong ikabit sa pangalan ko, ito ay ang Hacienda Luisita. Nais ko lang pong iulat na noong Pebrero, alinsunod sa utos ng Korte Suprema, nakumpleto na ng Department of Agrarian Reform ang listahan ng mga kuwalipikadong benepisyaryo na mabibigyan ng lupa sa Luisita. [Applause] Ayon rin po kay Kalihim Gil de los Reyes, sinimulan na noong nakalipas na linggo ang pagtutukoy ng bawat loteng makukuha ng mga benepisyaryo, at magsisimula nang ipagkaloob ang mga titulo sa Setyembre nitong taong ito. [Applause]

Para naman po sa iba pang malalawak na lupain: Matagal na nating inatasan ang DAR, DENR, LRA, at Land Bank na bumuo ng balangkas kung paanong mapapabilis ang pagproseso sa pagbabahagi ng lupain. Ipapaalala ko lang po: Tamang datos ang unang hakbang sa maayos na implementasyon ng CARPER. Pero nagmana po tayo ng isang depektibong land records system. Kaya simula pa lang po, nagtrabaho na ang DOJ, LRA, DENR, at DAR para ayusin ang sistemang ito, at nasa punto na tayo ngayon kung kailan kaya nating siguruhin: Sa susunod na taon, naihain na ang lahat ng mga notice of coverage para sa mga lupaing saklaw ng komprehensibong repormang agraryo. [Applause]

Malinaw po: Ang estado, itinayo para paglingkuran kayo. Kung may problema sa kalusugan, dapat kumakalinga ang gobyerno; sa panahon ng sakuna, nariyan din dapat ito para magbigay-lingap. Ano po ba ang ginagawa natin sa mga larangang ito?

Sa kalusugan, ang layunin nating masaklaw ng PhilHealth ang mas marami pa nating kababayan: natupad na rin po. Dumating tayong 62 percent ng Pilipino ang naka-enrol sa programa; ngayon, nasa 81 percent na ito. Ang natitira nga pong wala sa talaan ay ang mga hinahanap pa, kabilang na po ang informal sector at mga katutubo. Inaasahan po natin ang pakikipagtulungan ng mga lokal na pamahalaan upang maisali na natin sa sistema ang lahat ng ating mamamayan. [Applause]

Hindi lang po mga enrolee ng PhilHealth ang lumalawak, kundi pati ang mga benepisyong maaaring makuha mula rito. Noong nakaraang taon, inilunsad natin ang Z Benefit Package. At nitong Pebrero naman po, pinalawak pa ito ng Expanded Z Benefit Package. Mas mahaba na po ang listahan ng mga karamdamang libreng maipapagamot ng mahihirap nating kababayan sa mga pampublikong ospital. Noong isang taon, nakasama na ang breast cancer, prostate cancer, at acute leukemia; ngayon, kasama na rin ang iba pang sakit tulad ng coronary bypass, at ng pagtatama ng mga butas at maling posisyon ng mga ugat sa puso.

Masasayang lang po ang ganitong benepisyo kung naghihingalo naman ang kalagayan ng ating mga pagamutan, at kung hindi naman ito mapuntahan ng mga nasa kanayunan. Kaya nga po todo buhos tayo ng budget sa imprastrukturang pangkalusugan: Nitong nakaraang tatlong taon, umabot sa 33 bilyong piso ang nailaan natin para sa pagpapatayo, pagpapaunlad, at rehabilitasyon ng 4,518 na ospital, rural health units, at barangay health stations sa buong bansa. [Applause] Halimbawa na po rito ang Region 1 Medical Center sa Dagupan, na nakapagsagawa na ng limang kidney transplant ngayong taon; ang Bicol Regional Teaching and Training Hospital sa Legazpi, Vicente Sotto Medical Center sa Cebu, at Northern Mindanao Medical Center sa Cagayan de Oro, na ayon kay Secretary Ike Ona ay may kakayahan na ngayong magsagawa ng open heart surgery dahil sa mga bagong pasilidad at kagamitan. [Applause] Nariyan din po ang Davao Regional Hospital sa Tagum City—ang una nating cancer center sa labas ng Kamaynilaan.

Para naman po sa paghahanda sa kalamidad: Ang layunin nating magpanday ng mga mekanismo upang mailayo sa peligro ang Pilipino: natupad na rin po. Nariyan po ang epektibong serbisyong bunsod ng pagsasanib-puwersa ng Geohazard Mapping and Assessment Program at Project NOAH naman ng DOST. Nitong nakaraang taon, natapos na natin ang multihazard mapping ng dalawampu’t walong pinakapeligrosong lugar sa bansa. Susunod na po rito ang para sa Greater Metro Manila Area na target nating kumpletuhin pagdating ng 2014. Handa na rin po ang geohazard maps para sa 496 na lungsod at munisipyo. Ang natitira pong 1,138 na sasaklaw sa bawat sulok ng bansa ay makukumpleto bago matapos ang 2015. Dagdag pa po, mas matalas at detalyado na ang mga mapa, kaya mas eksakto na ring natutukoy ang mga mapanganib na lugar. [Applause]

Buhat naman ng inilunsad ang Project NOAH noong nakaraang taon, nakapag-deploy na tayo ng 525 automated water level monitoring stations at automated rain gauges sa 18 major river basins sa atin pong bansa. Tuloy-tuloy din ang pamamahagi natin ng mga modernong kagamitan tulad ng Doppler radars, tsunami detectors, at alerting sirens.

Subalit hindi po sapat ang basta pagbibigay lang ng makabagong gamit at teknolohiya. Sinasanay din natin ang mga makakatanggap nito kung paanong intindihin, gamitin, at palaganapin ang impormasyon. Kapag masama ang panahon, hindi na lamang bilis ng hangin ang kanilang basehan; alam na rin nila kung gaano karaming tubig ang bubuhos, at nakakapagbigay sila ng tama at napapanahong babala sa komunidad upang makapaghanda.

Inaayos na rin po natin ang problema sa madalas na pagbaha sa Kamaynilaan. Biruin po ninyo: Noong Ondoy, tinatayang 3,600 cubic meters per second ang tubig na dumaloy mula sa Sierra Madre. Pero ang kapasidad ng dadaanan nito, nasa tinatayang 1,000 cubic meters per second lang. Saan naman po pupunta ang diperensyang 2,600 cubic meters kada segundo? Ito po ang bugso ng tubig na nagpapaapaw sa mga mababang lugar at nagiging baha.

Di po ba’t narinig na ng marami sa atin: “Waterways are inalienable.” Ibig sabihin: Ang daanan ng tubig, para sa tubig lang. Ang problema nga po, kulang na nga ang dadaanan ng tubig, may mga gusali pang naghahadlang sa mga estero, at binabarahan pa ito ng basura ng mga tumitira sa paligid. Para po solusyunan ito, nakikipag-ugnayan tayo sa mga LGU upang maayos na mailipat ang mga informal settlers. Inihahanda na rin po ng legal team sa pamumuno ni Secretary Leila de Lima ang mga kaso laban sa nagtayo ng mga gusali na sumara o humaharang sa mga daanan ng tubig. [Applause]

Hindi po tayo makukuntento sa sisihan. Ang ating pong aksyon: 6.2 billion pesos para maiwasan ang pagbaha sa Kamaynilaan. Bahagi nito ang pagtatayo sa Blumentritt Interceptor Catchment area; 3.3 kilometers po ang haba ng buong proyekto, at oras na makumpleto, kaya nitong sumalo ng tubig na katumbas ng tinatayang labing-apat na Olympic-size swimming pool. Kaya kung may bubuhos man pong tubig, mayroon na itong pupuntahan, at hindi na kailangang nasa ibabaw ng lansangan. [Applause] Nasimulan na po ang proyektong ito noong Marso; layunin nating matapos ito sa susunod na taon.

Ginagampanan po ng gobyerno ang kanyang obligasyon. Tanungin din po sana natin ang ating sarili: Ano ang inaambag ko sa solusyon? Kung may magtapon sa ilog, sitahin mo sana; kung may magtayo ng building sa estero, isumbong mo na. Lalo po tayong malulubog sa problema kung magkikibit-balikat lang po tayo.

Lumisan man ang bagyo, di naman humuhupa ang pagsisikap nating maibalik sa normal ang buhay ng mga pamilyang nasalanta ng mga nagdaang kalamidad. Sa pagtutulungan ng gobyerno at pribadong sektor, nasa 9,377 na kabahayan na po ang naipatayo para sa mga sinalanta ng bagyong Sendong. May karagdagan pang 4,374 na tahanang maipapatayo ng gobyerno bago matapos ang susunod na taon. [Applause] Humihingi po tayo ng pag-unawa kung medyo nagtagal ito, dahil na rin sa masalimuot na proseso ng land acquisition; katunayan nga po, kung maaayos ang usapin sa iba pang lupain, may dagdag pang 2,719 na kabahayan ang maipapatayo natin.

Target naman po nating maipagkaloob ang kabuuang 53,106 na kabahayan para sa mga kababayan nating sinalanta ng bagyong Pablo. Nasimulan na po natin ang pamamahagi ng mga bagong bahay nitong Mayo. Tatapusin po natin ang 17,609 na kabahayan bago matapos ang taon, at oras na makumpleto na rin ang natitira pang 35,447 sa 2014, ang mga pamilyang tinamaan ng dahas ng kalikasan ay makakasilong na muli sa ilalim ng sariling bubong. [Applause]

Tungkol din po sa pabahay, para naman sa ating unipormadong hanay: Ang 21,800 na housing unit para sa pulis at kasundaluhan—natupad na, noong isang taon pa. Sa Phase II naman ng proyekto, naitayo na rin po ang halos 26,050 sa target na 31,200, na makukumpleto na sa susunod na buwan para naman sa Phase II.

Bukod sa pabahay, may mga programang pangkabuhayan din tayong binubuo para sa ating mga kawal. Ang ilang libong ektaryang lupain sa tatlong kampo-militar—partikular na sa Fort Magsaysay sa Nueva Ecija, sa Camp Kibaritan sa Bukidnon, at sa Camp Peralta sa Capiz—ay paglulunsaran ng dagdag na pagkakakitaan ng mga sundalo, gaya ng plantasyon ng kawayan, kape, cacao, at palm oil. [Applause] Kung dati, nakatutok lamang sa tanggulan ang mga kawal, ngayon maski retirado ay may pagkakataong maging bahagi ng paglago ng ating ekonomiya.

Subalit hindi dito nagtatapos ang paghahanap ng solusyon sa mga minana nating problema sa pambansang tanggulan. Isipin po ninyo: noong 1986, mayroon daw tayong 250,000 na pulis at sundalo para sa mahigit 55 million Filipinos. Ngayon po, mayroon pa rin tayong tinatayang 250,000 na pulis at sundalo, na nagbabantay sa 95 milyong Pilipino. Halos dumoble ang populasyon natin, pero hindi nagbago ang bilang ng nagbabantay sa atin.

Tiyak pong may mga nagsasabi na diyan: “Problema ba ito? E di magdagdag kayo ng pulis at sundalo. Makakalikha pa kayo ng trabaho.” Sana nga po ganyan lang kadali at kasimple ang solusyon. Tingnan po muna natin: Sa karaniwang pension scheme, maghuhulog ng kontribusyon ang miyembro at nag-eempleyo. Ito ang puhunang palalaguin, at dito magmumula ang pensyon sa pagreretiro ng miyembro. Pero ano po ba ang situwasyon sa pensyon ng AFP at PNP? Walang naghuhulog, pero may kailangang bayaran. Dagdag pa rito, naka-index sa sahod ng mga aktibong sundalo at pulis ang pensyon ng retirado. Ibig sabihin, kapag lumaki ang sahod ng nasa serbisyo, lalaki rin ang pensyon ng mga retirado o ng mga pamilyang tumatanggap pa nito. Taun-taon, dumarami ang mga nagreretiro, kaya natural, pataas din nang pataas ang obligasyon. Ang masaklap, pambansang budget ang sumasalo nito: Noong 2012, 54.48 billion pesos ang inilaan para sa pensyon ng sundalo at kapulisan. Ngayong taon, 61.29 billion, at aabot po ito sa 80.64 billion sa 2016. Lolobo pa ito nang lolobo, kaya’t liliit naman nang liliit ang pondo para sa iba pang serbisyong panlipunan. Paano naman po tayo magdadagdag pa ng pulis at sundalo kung ganito ang konteksto?

Kailangan ng sistemang tutugon sa obligasyon ng lipunan sa ating mga sundalo’t kapulisan; malamang po, GSIS ang hihilingan natin ng tulong para rito. Pinag-aaralan na rin po ang posibilidad na gamitin ang mga reclaimed area para makalakap ng pondong ipapasok sa papandaying solusyon. Hindi rin naman po natin puwedeng biglain ang pagtugon sa kabuuan ng ating mga pangangailangan, kaya’t mas masinsin pang pagsusuri ang gagawin natin upang makalikha ng isang patas, pangmatagalan, at malinaw na mekanismo para sa mga pensyon ng mga pulis at sundalo. Nananawagan po ako sa Kongreso: Pag-aralan po nating muli ang PD 1638 at RA 8551 upang maiangkop sa panahon at sa pambansang pangangailangan ang pensyon at benepisyo ng ating pulis at kasundaluhan. [Applause]

Kaparehong paninindigan rin po ang nakikita nating solusyon sa nakaambang problema sa pensyon sa SSS. Isipin po ninyo: mula 1980, 21 times nang nagkaroon ng across-the-board pension increase—ulitin ko lang po yun, 21 times—pero ang masaklap po, dalawang beses pa lang pong tumaas ang contribution rate. Ang resulta: Tinatayang 1.1 trillion pesos na ang unfunded liability ng SSS base sa pag-aaral na isinagawa nitong 2011. Inaasahang tataas ito ng 8 porsyento kada taon, at mauubos ang pondo 28 years from now. Kapag nangyari ito, walang ibang malulugi kundi ang susunod na salinlahi ng Pilipino.

Naniniwala po tayong panahon na para amyendahan ang SSS Pension Scheme. Kailangan nating tambalan ng inisyatibang mag-impok nang sapat ang pagluluwal natin ng pera. Kung magdadagdag lamang tayo ng 0.6 percent sa contribution rate, 141 billion pesos na agad ang maibabawas sa unfunded liability ng SSS. Kung ngayon na tayo magsisimulang mamuhunan sa kinabukasan, wala nang problemang ipapamana sa mga susunod sa atin. [Applause]

Sa kapulisan naman po, ang layunin nating magbigay ng lakas upang magampanan nila ang kanilang tungkulin: natupad rin natin. Simula ngayong 2013, 30,000 sa mga pulis ang babalik sa pagpupulis, dahil kukuha tayo ng mga civilian personnel para gawin ang mga tungkuling administratibo. Sayang naman po ang kakayahan at abilidad ng ating mga kawal at pulis kung ikukulong lamang natin sila sa apat na sulok ng opisina.

Sa pagpasok rin po ng buwang ito, inumpisahan nang ipamahagi ang mga bagong unit ng 9mm Glock 17 pistols sa ating mga pulis. Simula pa lang po ito; kasado na rin ang pamamahagi ng kabuuang 74,879 na baril sa ating mga alagad ng batas, tungo sa katuparan ng mithiin nating one-is-to-one police-to-pistol ratio. [Applause]

Sulit na sulit naman po ang pamumuhunan nating ito sa pambansang kapulisan, lalo pa’t nagbubunsod ito sa maayos at maaasahang serbisyo. Di po ba’t tuwing eleksyon, nasanay na tayo sa kaliwa’t kanang insidente ng karahasan? Tinugunan po natin ito, tulad ng Oplan Katok. Ang pakay ng programa: hanapin ang mga baril na paso na ang lisensya, at tiyakin na ang mga mayroon lamang lisensya ay hawak pa rin ng otorisadong mamamayan. Para gawin ito, 491,929 na pintuan ang kinatok ng ating mga pulis para sa renewal ng mga lisensya. Nakatulong po ito upang maging mas epektibo ang kampanya natin para sa Secure and Fair Elections, kung saan ang 112 private armed groups noong eleksyon ng 2010 ay napababa na lang sa 41. Katumbas po ito ng 63 percent na pagbaba. [Applause] Mula rin sa 189 na insidente ng karahasan noong eleksyon ng 2010, 77 na insidente lamang ang kompirmadong naganap nitong huling halalan. [Applause]

Gawin po nating halimbawa ang ARMM. Ang sabi nga po ni Governor Mujiv Hataman, sa tanang-buhay niya, hindi siya makaalala ng pagkakataon kung kailan walang failure of elections sa Lanao del Sur. Alalahanin po natin, ito ang unang beses na magkasabay ang pambansa at rehiyonal na halalan sa ARMM. Ang ibig pong sabihin, noon ay nakatutok ang buong pwersa ng estado sa iisang rehiyon, pero may failure of elections pa rin. Ngayong 2013, dahil buong bansa ang kinailangang tutukan, at lumawak ang kanilang responsibilidad, may mga nag-akalang lulubha pa ang sitwasyon sa halalan ng ARMM. Pero kita naman po ang laki ng ikinaganda nito: Naging malinis at tapat ang halalan sa ARMM; natuloy ang bilangan, natuloy ang proklamasyon ng mga may bagong mandato mula sa taumbayan. Dahil sa sipag ng ating mga pulis at kawal, at gayundin sa pakikiisa ng sambayanan, talaga naman pong ang eleksyon 2013 ay naging mas payapa at tahimik. [Applause]

Gayumpaman, may mga insidenteng nagmamantsa pa rin sa dangal ng ating kapulisan. Nabalitaan na naman siguro natin ang nangyari sa mga miyembro ng Ozamiz Gang na sina Ricky Cadavero at Wilfredo Panogalinga: nahuli na, pero napatay pa. Tulad ng ginawa nating imbestigasyon sa nangyari sa Atimonan, sisiguruhin nating mananagot ang sinumang pulis o kung sino mang sangkot dito—gaano man kataas ang kanilang ranggo. Kung sino man ang mga pasimuno dito: maghanda lang kayo. Malapit ko na kayong makilalang lahat. [Applause]

Sa kabila ng ganitong mga kuwento, buhay na buhay po ang aking pag-asa sa hanay ng kapulisan. Hindi sila nagkukulang sa mabubuting halimbawa tulad ni PO3 Edlyn Arbo, na buong tapang na hinarap at tinugis ang isang holdaper sa nasakyan niyang jeep, [applause] off-duty man at walang dalang baril. Nariyan po siya at sinagupa yung holdaper, na nagkamaling siya ang pag-tripan. Nariyan din po si PO3 Felipe Moncatar na umani ng samu’t saring papuri dahil sa haba ng listahan [applause] ng mga kriminal na kanyang nahuli, at ang balita ko ay may nahuli ka na namang batikang carnaper sa Bacolod—talagang napakahusay mo. Ang ilan po dito sa kanyang mga nahuli kabilang sa pinaka-pinaghahanap na personalidad sa Bacolod at miyembro ng mga malalaking sindikato. Baka narinig na rin po ninyo ang kwento ni PO2 Dondon Sultan. May nasiraan ng kotse sa kahabaan ng Quezon Boulevard; tigil naman si Ginoong Sultan para tumulong. Hindi lang po siya nagpalit ng gulong; inihatid pa niya sa kasa ang nasiraan. [Applause] Bilang pasasalamat sa kanyang serbisyo, sinubok abutan ng 1,000 piso si PO2 Sultan. Tinanggihan niya ito. Ang kanyang sagot: “Trabaho naming tumulong sa mamamayan.” [Applause] Saludo po kami sa mga tulad ninyong lingkod-bayan. Patunay kayong hindi pa endangered species ang tapat at mahuhusay na pulis. Inatasan ko na sina Kalihim Mar Roxas ng DILG, pati na rin si Kalihim Voltaire Gazmin ng DND, upang siguruhing ang mga katulad ninyo sa ating unipormadong hanay ay makakatanggap ng kaukulang pabuya at karangalan. Salamat pong muli. [Applause]

Idaragdag ko na rin po ang ating disaster relief workers mula sa maraming sangay ng gobyerno, pati na ang volunteers galing sa pribadong sektor. Alam ko pong hindi madaling lumusong sa baha, magbungkal ng putik, at humarap sa mukha ng pinsala. Hindi po ako magsasawang kilalanin ang inambag ninyo sa lipunan; saludo po ako sa pag-aalay ninyo ng sarili upang bawasan ang pagdurusa ng ating mga kababayan. [Applause]

Abot-kamay na rin po ang kapayapaan sa rehiyong matagal nang pinupunit ng hidwaan. Nitong Oktubre po ng nakaraang taon, nilagdaan ang Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro. Katunayan nga po, siyam na araw pa lang ang nakakalipas mula nang lagdaan ang ikalawang annex ng kasunduan. Kumpiyansa po tayong masusundan pa ito ng mas magandang balita sa lalong madaling panahon.

Tiyak kong mulat ang lahat: Hindi biro ang proseso ng pagbubuo ng consensus; mabuti na lamang talaga at handang makinig, magbigayan, at magkita sa gitna ang magkabilang panig. Alam naman natin ang maaaring maging resulta kung magpapadaan tayo sa inip. Ang malinaw po sa akin: Ang mga salitang ating bibitawan ay dapat magbunga ng mga kilos na positibong makakaapekto sa lahat. Ang bawat linya sa binubuo nating kasunduan ay dapat maaaring itaga sa bato, at hindi ililista lamang sa tubig upang anurin na naman ng kasaysayan. [Applause] Pinalaki po ako ng aking ama nang may isang salita, kaya’t sinasabi ko sa mga kapatid nating kasapi ng Bangsamoro: Anumang mapagkasunduan natin ay ipatutupad ng pambansang gobyerno. [Applause]

Kailangan po ng tiwala sa usapan ng kapayapaan. Hindi automatic ang magkaroon ng tiwala, dahil na rin sa haba ng pinagdaanan. At ngayon, talagang dama na natin na gustong makipagkasundo ng magkabilang panig, at tayo naman ay nagpapakita na dapat talaga tayong pagkatiwalaan. At sa mga pumipigil sa pagkakaroon ng tiwala at naghahasik ng pagdududa: Masasabi mo bang Pilipino kang may malasakit sa kapwa mong Pilipino?

Umaasa po ako sa pakikiambag ng bawat Pilipino sa layunin natin para sa Bangsamoro. Ipakita po natin sa kanilang hindi sila nagkamali sa pagpili sa direksyon ng kapayapaan; ipamalas natin ang lakas ng buong bansa upang iangat ang mga probinsya sa Muslim Mindanao, na kabilang sa mga pinakamaralita nating mga lalawigan. [Applause] Tagumpay ng lahat ang ating hangarin; hindi tayo papayag na may kababayan tayong mapapag-iwanan habang may ibang nakakalamang. Nananawagan ako sa ating Kongreso: Nabuo na po ang Transition Commission na gagawa ng panukalang Bangsamoro Basic Law. Tatapusin ito alinsunod sa mga prinsipyo ng komprehensibong kasunduan para sa kapayapaan; maipasa po sana ninyo ito bago matapos ang 2014. [Applause] Sa gayong paraan, may sapat tayong panahon para makapaghanda sa paghalal ng bagong pamahalaang Bangsamoro sa 2016.

Anuman pong pagbabagong tinatamasa natin ngayon ay naabot dahil hindi tayo nakuntentong sumunod lamang sa dinatnang status quo ng pamamahala. Matanong ko nga po: Ilan po ba sa inyo ang nakagamit ng tinatawag na Telepono sa Barangay? Hindi po ako magtataka kung wala. Isipin po ninyo, ayon sa DOTC: Mahigit 5 billion pesos ang ginastos para sa isang programang magdadala ng telepono sa mga kanayunan. Di po ba’t sayang lang ito, dahil sa loob ng maikling panahon matapos ang implementasyon, dahil hindi pa nga po tunay na tapos ang implementasyon niyan, dumami nang dumami ang may cellphone na Pilipino? Sino nga ba naman ang papansin sa mahigit 6,000 landline na ikinabit o ipinakabit nila, gayong may 100 milyon nang cellphone sa Pilipinas?

Heto pa po ang isang halimbawa ng pag-iisip sa gobyerno na kinailangan nating baguhin: Bumili tayo ng walong combat utility helicopter, para daw sa mabilisang pagbiyahe ng ating mga sundalo. Ang problema: Sukat ba naman pong naka-mount ang baril sa may pintuan, at kailangang tanggalin kung may dadaan. Kung lalapag ka habang nagbabakbakan, ano ang silbi ng machine gun na nakatabi at hindi mapaputok? Wala bang nakaisip nito bago nagkapirmahan ng kontrata? Bakit naman po pinayagang mangyari ito?

Kailangan pong maging mas mahusay tayong mamimili. Hindi puwedeng palagi tayong nakasalalay sa sales talk ng mga supplier sa pagpili ng mga kagamitan natin. Inatasan natin ang DOST na bumuo ng grupo ng mga ekspertong hindi kayang bolahin ng mga supplier, lalo na po pagdating sa mga big-ticket items. Ang patakaran natin: Tamang pagkilala sa ugat ng problema; tamang pag-aaral na tutukoy sa tamang solusyon, na maaabot naman sa pamamagitan ng tamang metodolohiya. [Applause]

Iyan po ang kaisipang pinagmulan ng ating tugon sa isyu ng mga informal settler sa Kamaynilaan. Kaya nga po, ang layunin nating ilayo sa panganib ang mga nagsisiksikan sa peligrosong bahagi ng lungsod: tinutupad na rin natin. Wala naman po sigurong kokontra kapag sinabi nating hindi tama ang kasalukuyan nilang kondisyon. Ayon po sa Article 2, Section 5, o ang general welfare clause ng ating Saligang Batas: “Dapat sundin ng Estado ang pagpapanatili ng kapayapaan at kaayusan, ang pangangalaga sa buhay, kalayaan at ari-arian, at ang pagtataguyod sa kagalingang panlahat upang matamasa ng buong sambayanan ang mga biyaya ng demokrasya.”

Dito po natin napatunayan: Nakikinig sa katuwiran ang Pilipino; kapag ipinakita mong malasakit ang iyong batayang prinsipyo, handa tayong makiisa. Bago po magbaklas ng mga bubong at magtibag ng mga pader, ipinaliwanag natin ang katuwiran ng ating desisyon: Maayos ang lilipatan, malapit sa sakayan, at kung magsisikap kayo, hindi magkukulang ang inyong pagkakakitaan. Nilinaw din po natin: Layunin nating magbigay-lingap sa mga nasa peligro—hindi sa sindikato. Batid nating sa tuwing inaabuso ng ilan ang pagmamalasakit ng estado, ipinapain rin nila sa alanganin ang buhay at kabuhayan ng napakaraming Pilipino.

Matapos nga pong maibiyahe ang isang pangkat sa relocation site, sila mismo ang nanghikayat sa mga dati nilang kapitbahay: Sumama na kayo. Mas ligtas dito. Ngayong taon po, prayoridad nating ilipat ang mahigit 19,400 pamilyang nagsisiksikan sa mga pangunahing daluyan ng tubig sa Metro Manila. Sa pagkakapit-bisig ng DILG, NHA, DSWD, MMDA, at DPWH, lumilinaw na po ang sagot sa suliraning ito.

Isa pa pong halimbawa ng transpormasyon sa pamamahala: Di ba’t matagal ding nabinbin sa Kongreso ang mahahalagang batas? Nito pong nakaraang taon, naisabatas na, sa wakas, ang Sin Tax Reform Law at ang Responsible Parenthood Law. [Applause] Nagpapasalamat tayo sa mga naging kasangga natin sa pagsusulong nito sa Kamara at Senado. Hindi ninyo inalintana ang mahabang proseso ng debate at konsultasyon; hindi kayo nagpadaig sa mga naghasik ng pagdududa upang harangin ang ating mabuting agenda. Tinitimbang ninyo kung ano ang kapaki-pakinabang sa mas nakakarami, at isinusulong ang tunay na serbisyo para sa Pilipino. [Applause]

Ilalapit ko na rin po sa ating Kongreso ang ilang batas na makakatulong sa pagpapatuloy ng nasimulan nating pagbabago. Maamyendahan na po sana ang Cabotage Law, upang mas mapalakas ang kumpetisyon, at mapababa ang gastos sa transportasyon [applause] ng ating mga sakahan at industriya. Maisulong na rin po sana ang Fiscal Incentives Rationalization Bill, upang maging mas tapat, malinaw, at may pananagutan ang mga insentibong ibinigay natin sa mga negosyante. [Applause] Paglaanan din po sana ng panahon ang Land Administration Reform Bill, upang maitimon sa iisang direksyon ang mga kawanihang nakatutok sa ating mga lupain, at nang sa gayon ay masigurong masinop at epektibo nilang magagawa ang kanilang trabaho. [Applause]

Bukas na bukas din po, ihahain natin ang panukalang 2.268 trillion pesos na national budget sa Kongreso. Kumpiyansa po ako sa suporta at pakikibalikat ninyo upang mapatibay ang pondong ito na talaga naman pong masusing pinag-isipan. Makakatulong ito hindi lang para ituloy ang agenda ng positibong pagbabago, kundi upang mapaspas pa ang pag-arangkada natin tungo sa malawakang kaunlaran.

May ilan pong nagsasabi na kailangang patibayin ang Sandatahang Lakas. Sang-ayon po ako dito. Pero tila ba ang gusto nila ay ilagak ang bawat sentimo ng kabang bayan para sa fighter jets, tangke de guerra, at iba pang gamit pandigma. Hindi yata nila alam na ang isang fighter jet na nagkakahalaga ng 1.58 bilyong piso, ay katumbas ng 6,580 na bahay para sa mga pulis at sundalo, o halos 2,000 na silid-aralan para sa mga kabataan. At ano naman ang magagawa ng isang pirasong jet? Para maging epektibo, ang kailangan, mga squadron—at ang isa nito ay binubuo ng dalawampu’t apat na fighter jets. Sa halagang 1.58 billion pesos kada piraso, 37.92 billion pesos ang huhugutin sa kabang bayan para makabuo ng isang squadron. Paano naman ang missiles pati na rin ang practice missiles? Hindi rin po libre ang jet fuel, radar system, ground bases, at ground intercept controls. Hindi po talaga biro ang gastos para sa isang minimum credible defense posture; gagayahin pa ba natin ang iba, na handang kalimutan ang lahat para lang makuha ang nuclear option? Wala naman sigurong sasang-ayon dito. Babalansehin po natin ang ating mga pangangailangan. Aasikasuhin natin nang husto ang mga dapat tugunan sa ating lipunan, habang patuloy tayong nagiging mabuti at mahinahong kasapi ng pandaigdigang komunidad.

Alam naman natin dati, ang batayan ng desisyon, puro pulitika. Gagawin ang lahat para kumapit sa kapangyarihan, kapalit ang pagdurusa ng kasalukuyan at susunod na henerasyon ng Pilipino. Tingnan po natin kung ano ang kinahantungan ng pag-ipit sa pagtataas ng pasahe sa LRT at MRT. Ang tinatayang gastos sa bawat biyahe ng pasahero ng LRT, 40 piso. Ang bayad ng pasahero, 15 piso. Ibig sabihin, sagot ng pamahalaan ang natitirang 25 piso. Sa MRT po, 60 piso ang totoong gastos: 15 piso sa pasahero, 45 piso sa gobyerno—sa huli, bawat Pilipino, abunado. Nasa Mindanao ka o Visayas ka man, na ni minsan ay hindi nakatuntong sa LRT o MRT, kasama ka sa pumapasan nito.

Ang masaklap pa nga po: Dahil ipinamigay na ng nakaraang mga pinuno ang commercial development rights natin dito, bawat pisong maaaring makalap mula sa mga poster at billboard na nakapaskil sa stasyon o sa tren man, napupunta sa pribadong kumpanya kaysa sa gobyerno. Ang puwede sanang pagkunan ng pantustos sa maintenance at operasyon, nawala pa.

Siguro naman po, makatuwirang ilapit man lang natin sa ibinabayad sa aircon bus ang pasahe ng LRT at MRT, upang maituon ang subsidiya sa iba pang serbisyong panlipunan.

Nakita naman po ninyo: wala tayong balak magpamana ng problema sa susunod sa atin. Ang totoo nga po, ang mga proyektong dati’y nilulumot lang, ngayon, napapakinabangan na ng mamamayan. Tingnan na lang natin ang Ternate-Nasugbu Road. Kung tutuusin, anim na kilometro lang ang haba ng kalsadang ito na nagkokonekta sa Cavite, Batangas, at Metro Manila, pero ‘yang anim na kilometrong iyan, inabot pa ng halos dalawampung taon bago ito matapos. Binuksan na natin ang isang bahagi nito, at pag nakumpleto ang natitirang slope protection, ganap na ang magiging pakinabang ng kalsada sa mga motorista.

Nariyan din po ang Aluling Bridge sa Ilocos Sur. Taong 1978 pa po inilatag sa papel ang pagpapatayo nito. Siniguro na nating hindi lamang din papel ang mamanahin ng susunod sa atin: Nitong Marso, sa wakas, natapos na ito at sinimulan na rin natin noong nakaraang buwan ang operasyon ng Laguindingan Airport, na isang henerasyon naman ang pagitan mula nang inisip at isakatuparan. [Applause]

Ilang dekada ring naghintay ang industriya ng semiconductors na magkaroon ng laboratoryong kayang makipagsabayan sa pasilidad ng ibang bansa. Hindi na po natin pinahaba ang kanilang paghihintay. Nitong nakaraang Mayo, sa pangunguna ng DOST, pinasinayaan natin ang Advanced Device and Materials Testing Laboratory. Dati, kailangan pang ipadala ang mga produkto sa ibang bansa para suriin. Hindi natin nasasagad ang kita; hindi rin nasasagad ang potensyal ng industriya na manghikayat ng puhunan. Dahil po sa pasilidad na ito na tinaguriang ADMATEL, ngayon, dito na susuriin ang mga produkto, at masusulit ang mga bentahe ng manggagawang Pilipino sa larangan ng electronics. Inaasahan nga po nating lalo pang lalakas ang industriyang nag-ambag ng halos 44 percent ng ating exports noong 2012. [Applause]

Sa tulong naman po ng ating Big Man sa Senado na si Manong Frank Drilon, [applause] natapos na ang mahigit limampung taon na paghihintay ng mga Ilonggo; nasimulan na ang Jalaur River Multi-Purpose Project II sa Iloilo. Ano po ba ang mga pakinabang nito?

Tinataya pong 24,000 magsasaka sa kalakhang Iloilo ang mahahatiran nito ng buong-taong irigasyon. Dahil dito, maaaring dumoble ang ani ng mga magsasaka ng palay. Linawin po natin: Ang sakop nitong 31,840 hectares ng lupaing mapapatubigan, may dagdag na aning bigas na 146,013 metric tons. Katumbas po ito ng halos walumpung porsyento ng aangkatin nating buffer stock ng bigas para sa 2013. [Applause]

Bukod pa po ito sa iba pang benepisyo ng proyekto tulad ng pag-iwas sa malawakang baha sa Iloilo, at ang dagdag na 6.6 megawatts ng hydropower. May ambag din ito sa supply ng tubig para sa ilang bahagi ng probinsya, at sa industriya ng ecotourism doon. Dagdag pa rito, nasa 17,000 trabaho ang malilikha ng proyekto; oras na maging fully operational naman ito, tinatayang 32,000 Pilipino ang mabibiyayaan ng sapat na pagkakakitaan. [Applause] Una raw po inisip itong proyektong ito taong 1960. Nagsabay po kaming dumating sa mundong ito.

Mulat din po tayong marami sa ating mga kababayan ang nananabik na makita ang mga bunga ng ating Public Private Partnership projects. Alam din po nating may mga tila naiinip na sa kahihintay para rito.

Isakonteksto po natin. Noong 2010, pag-upo natin sa puwesto, 6.5 percent na lang ng programmable budget ng taon, o 100 billion pesos lamang, ang iniwan sa atin. Ang 93.5 percent po, inilaan na sa kung saan-saan ng ating sinundan. Kaya naman, lumapit tayo sa pribadong sektor. Ang sabi natin: kulang kami sa pondo, halina’t mag-ambagan tayo upang maipatayo ang mga kinakailangang imprastruktura.

May balakid din po tayong kinaharap nang magsimula ang PPP. Luma na ang mga pag-aaral na basehan ng mga proyekto; kulang sa kaalaman ang burukrasya para ipatupad ito. Idagdag pa natin ang publikong nagsawa nang magtiwala sa mga kontratang pinapasok ng gobyerno.

Gayumpaman, sa anuman pong situwasyon, ang ating prinsipyo: Gagawin na lang din natin, gawin na natin nang tama. Wala tayong balak na pumasok sa kuwestiyonableng kontrata ngayon, para lang ipamana ang problema sa susunod na administrasyon. Kailangang dumaan sa tamang proseso ang bawat proyekto, para masigurong ang perang inyong pinaghihirapan ay napupunta sa dapat nitong kalagyan.

Ngayon pa lang, nakikita na natin ang epekto ng maayos, tapat, at hayag na paglalatag sa PPP projects. Dati, may isang paliparan lang na maipagawa, napakalaki nang balita. Ikumpara po natin ngayon: bukod sa pinapakinabangan na ang paliparan sa Laguindingan, sabay-sabay din ang proseso ng pagsasaayos at modernisasyon ng Tacloban Airport, Bicol International Airport, New Bohol Airport, Mactan Airport, at Puerto Princesa Airport. Ang Daang Hari-SLEX link road ang pinakamabilis na PPP project na nai-award sa alinmang administrasyon, nang walang shortcut na dinaanan ang proseso. [Applause] Ang mga ito, at ang napakarami pang ibang ipinapatayo at ipapatayong imprastruktura, ay manganganak ng isang lipunang hitik sa oportunidad.

Mahaba po ang listahan ng mga suliraning minana, at tinutugunan na natin. Halimbawa: Ang madalas na pag-brownout sa Mindanao. Mula’t sapul pa lang, naglalatag na tayo ng solusyon para dito, ngunit batid nating ang problemang isang dekadang binalewala ay hindi masosolusyonan sa isang tulog lang. Sa ngayon, patuloy ang paggawa natin ng mga hakbang upang tugunan ang mga kakulangan at agarang pangangailangan. Nariyan po ang pagtulong natin sa electric cooperatives upang makapagpasok sila ng generator sets ng magpapabawas sa brownout. Magtutuloy-tuloy ito hanggang makumpleto na ang mga plantang magsu-supply ng kuryente sa rehiyon.

Pero hindi po talaga mauubos ang mga kontra. Kesyo tataas daw ang presyo ng kuryente kapag may gensets dahil diesel ang ginagamit. May hydropower ngayon dahil tag-ulan, kaya umuugong na naman ang reklamo laban sa mga genset. Pero pagpasok ng tag-init, tiyak, marami na naman pong magrereklamo sa walong oras na brownout.

Sa ibang bahagi naman po ng Pilipinas, gusto nating magtayo ng mga planta. Habang umuunlad kasi ang ekonomiya, tumataas din ang konsumo natin ng kuryente, at kailangang dagdagan ang supply nito. Gusto ba nating kapag sinagad na ang mga pagkukunan, saka lang tayo gagawa ng planta? Ang pagawa po niyan dalawa hanggang tatlong taon bawat planta. Hindi po kabuteng basta na lang susulpot ang mga ito.

Kung maganda ang mungkahi, handa naman po tayong makinig, pero sana naman ay makuha ng mga miron ang kabuuang konteksto ng situwasyon. Halimbawa po ang planta sa Redondo, Zambales. Pina-TRO dahil mas maganda raw ang renewable. Sinabi rin po ba nilang mas mahal itong ipatayo, at mas mahal din ang magiging presyo ng enerhiya? Sinabi po kaya nilang hindi nito kayang tugunan ang baseload, o ang kapasidad na kailangang laging nariyan para hindi mag-brownout? Magtatayo ka ng wind; paano kung walang hangin? Kung solar, paano kung makulimlim? Lilinawin ko lang po: Naniniwala rin ako sa renewable energy at suportado natin ito, pero dapat ding may mga baseload plant na sisigurong tuloy-tuloy ang daloy ng kuryente sa ating mga tahanan at industriya. Mag-iingay pa rin po kaya ang mga kumokontra, kung busy na sila sa kapapaypay dahil nag-brownout na? [Applause] Ang sa akin lang po: makiambag sana tayo sa paghahanap ng solusyon.

Tutal din po, nagtatapatan tayo: Pag-usapan naman natin ang pagsasaayos ng NAIA 3. Masalimuot po ang usapang ito. Dumaan na ito sa dalawang arbitration; naipanalo na sana natin pareho, pero binaliktad ang desisyon sa isa dahil sa technicality. Kaya nga po ngayon, pinaghahandaan ang muling pagdinig nito. Dagdag na komplikasyon po ang isyu ng warranty sa pagpapatapos ng NAIA 3—hindi naman puwedeng ‘pag may umusbong na depekto, pasensyahan na lang, dagdag-gastos pa. Kaya nga po nang ipinaliwanag sa atin na bibigyan tayo ng maayos na warranty ng orihinal na contractor, pumayag tayo. Pero gusto nating manigurado; gusto nating kumpletuhin nang tama at buo ang proseso, at hihingin ko po ang inyong pag-unawa ukol sa isyung ito.

Malinaw na po ngayon: Iisa ang tuon ng bawat metro kuwadrado ng sementong ibinubuhos natin bilang pundasyon ng mas maunlad na bansa: Pakinabang sa bawat isa—hindi politika. Kung dati, gumagawa ng kalsada kung saan lang kursunada, at nagpapatayo ng tulay kung saan kaibigan ni Madam si Mayor, ngayon, sumusunod na tayo sa isang pambansang plano. Walang paborito, walang transaksyunalismo, walang padrino; bawat piso, nakatuon sa ating pagpaspas tungo sa malawakang pag-unlad.

Ang maaasahan po natin sa mga susunod na taon: mga paliparan at daungang lalapagan ng kalakal at turista; mga kalsadang sisigurong husto ang pakinabang ng lahat sa malalaking proyektong ito; mga power plant na pagmumulan ng sapat na kuryente at magpapatakbo sa mga industriya. Ito ang magsisilbing balangkas na magsasanga ng iba pang inisyatibang dadaluyan ng oportunidad para kay Juan at Juana dela Cruz—mula sa mga magsasakang may sapat nang patubig at mabilis nang naibebenta ang ani, hanggang sa mga construction worker na nagtitindig ng mga bagong gusali; mula sa patuloy na pag-usbong ng mga call center, hanggang sa pagdami ng mga negosyanteng handang magpasok ng kapital sa bansa. Nagsulong tayo ng mga tamang proyekto sa tamang halaga; ginawa natin ito nang may tamang kalidad; at natapos o matatapos ito sa tamang panahon, dahil tama at karapat-dapat ang mga taong nagpapatupad nito.

Pag-usapan po natin ang trapiko: Di po ba’t tinatayang 2.4 billion pesos ang nawawala sa ating ekonomiya kada araw, dahil sa buhol-buhol na trapik sa Kamaynilaan? Kabilang sa mga proyekto nating pihadong magpapaluwag dito ay ang Integrated Transport System. Ang mga bus na nagsisiksik sa mga kalsadang punung-puno na nga, ginagawan natin ng terminal sa mga lugar na hindi kasing-sikip. Napapakinabangan na nga po ang terminal sa Parañaque, at nakapila na rin ang sa Quezon City at Muntinlupa. Ang pamprobinsyang bus ay hanggang dito nalang sa mga terminal na ito ng wala nang makipagsiksikan sa EDSA.

At nariyan din po ang dalawang connector road na magdurugtong sa North at South Luzon Expressway. Ang totoo nga po, dekada sitenta pa lang, plano nang ipatayo ang tinawag nilang Metro Manila Highway. Ito sana ang magkokonekta sa dalawang expressway, upang hindi na kailangang bunuin ang ilang oras na biyaheng babagtas pa sa kahabaan ng EDSA. Ang problema po: Nag-atas si Ginoong Marcos ng mga batas na pabor sa kanyang crony. Nakatali tayo sa pagsunod sa mga batas na ito: Sino mang magpatayo ng imprastruktura sa lugar na iyon, dapat kasosyo ang korporasyon ng kanyang kaibigan. Masaklap po: nae-extend ng tatlumpong taon ang kanilang prangkisa sa tuwing magkakabit sila ng kahit isang dipa lang ng kalsada sa orihinal. Dagdagan pa po natin: nang kumita ang kumpanya, hindi nakumpleto ang pagpapalawig o pagpapaunlad sa mga imprastraktura’t daan. Tandaan po n’yo na dapat umabot sa Carmen, Rosales sa Pangasinan at Lucena sa Quezon ang mga kalsadang nabanggit at yung Metro Manila Highway o Expressway, hanggang ngayon wala pa. Nang nalugi naman, nakuha pang ipasa sa gobyerno ang utang. Ilalapit ko na po ito sa ating Kongreso: Silipin po nating muli ang Presidential Decrees 1113 at 1894.

Sa kabila nito, tuloy po ang mga proyekto natin. Mayroon tayong walong kilometrong four-lane elevated expressway na kokonekta sa C3 Road sa Caloocan patawid ng España, hanggang sa PUP sa Sta. Mesa. Mayroon ding mahigit labing-apat na kilometrong six-lane elevated tollway na babagtas mula Balintawak, hanggang Buendia, sa Makati. Ang Common Alignment naman po ng dalawang kalsadang ito, lima’t kalahating kilometrong six-lane elevated expressway mula PUP sa Sta. Mesa, patawid sa kalagitnaan ng Osmeña at Quirino Avenue, hanggang Buendia sa Makati. Oras na mabuksan ang kalsada, ang biyaheng SLEX hanggang NLEX na dati’y inaabot ng dalawang oras, kaya nang takbuhin ng labinlimang minuto. Ang Clark naman hanggang Calamba na pumapalo noon sa tatlong oras, halos mangangalahati at magiging isang oras at apatnapung minuto. [Applause] Kada araw, tinatayang limampu’t limang libong motorista ang makikinabang sa mga ito. Tipid sa oras, tipid sa gas, menos sa polusyon, lalago pa ang komersiyo’t turismo. Talaga naman pong win-win situation, di po ba?

Sa loob nga po ng tatlong taon, pinatunayan nating ang mga ahensyang dati’y pugad ng kurapsyon ay maaaring maging ehemplo ng tapat at epektibong paglilingkod. Ilan po sa mga simple ngunit epektibong pagbabagong isinagawa ni Secretary Babes Singson ng DPWH: Wala nang letter of intent, na ginagamit ng mga bidder para magkuntsabahan; pinasimple ang proseso ng bidding, kaya mas marami nang nagkukumpitensya para sa proyekto, at mas sulit na ang presyong nakukuha ng gobyerno. Nasa oras na ring magbayad ang gobyerno, kaya mas naeengganyo ang mahuhusay na contractor na makiambag sa pagtatayo ng pambansang imprastruktura. Dahil sa tapat na pamamahala, 18.4 billion pesos na ang natitipid ng DPWH, na inilalaan para sa iba pang makabuluhang proyekto. [Applause]

Bilang halimbawa ng resulta ng mabuting pamamahala, tingnan natin ang Tagumbao Bridge sa Gerona, Tarlac. Sa totoo lang, congressman pa lang po ako, iminungkahi ko na ito. May mga nasasakupan kasi tayong kailangan pang umikot ng dalawang bayan para tawirin ang umaapaw na ilog tuwing tag-ulan. Sabi ko nga po sa mga dating administrasyon: Sa inyo na ang buong PDAF ko, magawa lang ito. Kung puwede sana installment plan. Pero wala pong nangyari. Lumawak lang ang idurugtong ng tulay dahil sa nababakbak na pampang.

Kasalukuyan na po nating ginagawa ang Tagumbao Bridge. At heto po ang kuwento ngayong tayo na ang nagpapatupad nito: Nasa 334 million pesos ang aprubadong pondo; pero dahil sa tamang pangangasiwa’t tapat na paggugol, naibaba ito sa 226 million pesos. [Applause] Suma-tutal, nakatipid tayo ng mahigit 108 million pesos nang hindi isinasakripisyo ang kalidad ng ipinapagawang tulay. At lalong maganda pa nga po, ang natipid na pondong ito ay magagamit sa pagpapagawa ng dike at river training works para sa Phase II ng proyekto.

Dumako naman po tayo sa turismo. Ayon sa banyagang pahayagang Oriental Morning Post, the “Best Tourist Destination of 2012” tayo. Parang na-inlove ang Shanghai Morning Post sa ating bansa, nang binansagan nila tayong “Most Romantic Destination of 2012.” [Applause] Hopefully they will love us more. [Applause] Sabi naman ng Scuba Diving Magazine, “Best Diving Destination” ang Pilipinas. [Applause] “Best Island” naman daw ang Palawan, kung tatanungin ang Travel + Leisure Magazine. Kulang na nga lang po ay tawagin na tayong paraiso. [Applause]

Hindi na po nakakapagtakang sa mauugong na papuring tulad nito, naitala natin noong 2012 ang 4.3 million tourist arrivals sa ating bansa—isang panibagong record high. 21.4 percent na po ang inilalago ng numerong ito mula nang pumasok tayo noong 2010, kung kailan nasa tinatayang 3.1 million na turista pa lang ang bumibisita sa atin. Pagdating naman sa ating domestic travelers, ang target natin dati para sa taong 2016 ay 35.5 million tourists. Pero nitong 2011 pa lamang po, nalampasan na natin ito sa 37.5 million domestic tourists. [Applause] Ngayon po, sa momentum nating ito, tiwala tayong maaabot ang bagong target na 56—ulitin ko po—56.1 million bago matapos ang 2016. [Applause]

Ang mas malakas na sektor ng turismo, manganganak ng mas maraming trabaho. Tinataya ng DOT na nakapag-ambag ang turismo ng 3.8 million na trabaho noong 2011. Ang totoo nga po, hindi lang mga lugar na may magagandang tanawin ang nakikinabang sa pagdayo ng turista, kundi pati ang mga karatig-bayang maituturing na tourism support communities: Ang mga lugar na pinanggagalingan ng pagkaing inihahanda sa mga resort, ng mga souvenir na ibinebenta, at ng iba pang mga produkto’t serbisyong nagsisilbing bukal ng kaunlaran para sa mga lalawigan.

Malamang, narinig na rin po ninyo ang mga good news na lumapag kamakailan sa bansa. Noong Marso, inalis po ng International Civil Aviation Organization ang significant safety concerns na ipinataw sa Pilipinas. Bunga po ito ng mga reporma sa aviation industry upang siguruhing pasok sa pandaigdigang pamantayan ang aviation safety sa Pilipinas. [Applause] Dahil po dito, sa wakas, noon lamang ika-10 ng Hulyo, muli nang pinahintulutan ng European Union ang direktang paglipad ng ating flag carrier sa Europa. [Applause]

Isipin po ninyo, paano kaya kung dati pa inayos at pinalakas ang ating aviation industry? Di po ba’t sayang ang pagbisita ng mga turistang nawalan ng ganang dumalaw sa Pilipinas dahil dito? Naglahong trabaho, pondo, at oportunidad—ito ang resulta ng lumang sistema ng pamamahala.

Kaya naman, simula’t sapul, nilabanan na natin ang katiwalian sa lahat ng antas ng pamahalaan at isinulong ang transpormasyon sa ating mga institusyon. Ang resulta: tunay na serbisyong pampubliko.

Tingnan na lang po natin ang lalim ng transpormasyong nangyari sa mga GOCC. Ang dating mga kumpanya ng bayang inaambagan mo pa dahil sa pagkalugi, naghahatid na ng dibidendo ngayon. Gamitin po nating halimbawa ang Philippine Reclamation Authority. Sa loob ng labintatlong taon bago tayo dumating, ang suma-total ng dibidendo ng PRA: 676.82 million pesos. Sa tuwid na daan, para sa 2012 lamang, ang dibidendo nila: isang bilyong piso. Napakalaking transpormasyon, di po ba? [Applause]

Mabuting halimbawa rin ang Local Water Utilities Administration. Noong 2011, ang recorded net loss ng naturang GOCC: 950 million pesos. Pero dahil sa maayos na pangangasiwa, di lang nila nagawang balansehin ang kanilang mga libro; ayon sa kanilang report, umabot ang kanilang kabuuang kita sa 870 million pesos noong 2012. [Applause] Dahil dito, nagawa nilang makapag-remit ng 365 million pesos sa pamahalaan para sa taong iyon.

Isa pa pong halimbawa: Sa una kong SONA, isiniwalat natin ang kuwestyunableng kalakaran sa MWSS: Patung-patong na bonus at allowance ang ibinigay sa sarili, sa kabila ng kapalpakan nilang tugunan ang pangangailangan ng ating mga kababayan. Ang ahensya na nga po ang nag-ulat: Umabot sa 34 million pesos ang pagkalugi ng MWSS noong 2010. Hindi ito katanggap-tanggap. Kaya noong 2011, pinirmahan natin ang GOCC Governance Act, na nagsisilbing saligan ng katapatan, kredibilidad, at pananagutan sa pamamalakad ng ating mga GOCC. Ang ibinunga nito: Noong 2011, 333 million pesos ang kinita ng MWSS mula sa pagkalugi ng 34 million pesos. [Applause] Noong 2012 naman po, ang kinita nila: halos dalawang bilyong piso. Kakambal nito, lumago rin ang kanilang dibidendo: [applause] mula sa 150 million pesos noong 2011, umakyat ito sa 345 million pesos para sa 2012. Nakakalungkot nga po, na kung ano ang lalim ng pagbabagong itinanim ng mga pinuno ng MWSS, iyon din naman ang dumi ng putik na ibinabato sa kanila ng mga gusto pa ring kumapit sa lumang sistema.

Kaakibat ng pagtaas ng kumpiyansa sa ating mabuting pamamahala, ang patuloy na pag-angat ng ating ekonomiya. Ang resulta: Dalawang magkasunod na ten-place jump sa Global Competitiveness Index ng World Economic Forum. Sa unang pagkakataon, nakuha natin ang investment grade status mula sa dalawa sa tatlong pinakatanyag na credit ratings agencies sa mundo, at hindi malayong sumunod ang ikatlo. [Applause] Napanatili ang stabilidad ng presyo ng mga bilihin, at patuloy din ang pagbaba ng bahagi sa ating budget na pambayad-utang, at ang paglaki naman ng pondong nailalaan sa mga serbisyong panlipunan. Sa panahong matamlay ang pandaigdigang ekonomiya, nagpamalas tayo ng kahanga-hangang 6.8 percent GDP growth noong 2012. Nahigitan pa natin itong first quarter ng 2013, kung kailan naitala ang paglagong 7.8 percent—pinakamataas na recorded GDP sa Timog-Silangan, [applause] pati na sa Silangang Asya. Special mention po dapat ang 28.5 percent na ambag ng manufacturing sa inilaki ng ating ekonomiya. Inaasahan po nating aarangkada pa ang manufacturing sa mga darating na panahon.

Tinagurian na po tayo ngayon bilang “rising tiger,” ayon sa World Bank; “brightest spark,” ayon sa pahayag ng Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, at iba pang mga bansag na tumutukoy sa transpormasyong nangyayari sa ating bansa. Mula sa matuwid na paggugol ng pondo, hanggang sa epektibong koleksyon ng buwis; mula sa pagpapaunlad ng imprastruktura hanggang sa maaliwalas nang pagnenegosyo na lumilikha ng trabaho, talaga namang malinaw ang pahayag natin sa mundo: kaya nang makipagsabayan ng Pilipinas sa agos ng kaunlaran.

Hindi lang po sa ekonomiya o stadistika nakikita ang transpormasyon ng ating lipunan. Ngayon, alam na ng Pilipino: Mayaman ka man o mahirap, may kakilala sa poder o wala, kapag gumawa ka ng mali, mananagot ka. Tunay nang nakapiring ang katarungan. Hindi mababali ang atas ng ating mga Boss: Panagutin ang tiwali, at itama ang mali sa sistemang kaytagal nagpahirap sa ating bayan.

Pinapanagot na po natin ang dating namumuno ng TESDA dahil sangkot siya sa katakut-takot na tongpats sa ahensya. Halimbawa: Ang isang incubator jar, nagkakahalaga ng 149 pesos. Pero kay Ginoong Syjuco ayon sa mga datos 15,375 pesos. Ang normal na presyo ng dough cutter, 120 pesos. Ang presyo kay Ginoong Syjuco: 48,507 pesos. Linawin po natin, dough cutter ito, at hindi Hamilton Class Cutter. Baka nga po kapag hinarap na niya ang kasong isinampa ng Ombudsman, matuto nang magbilang itong si Ginoong Syjuco.

Nakahabla po ang dating mga opisyal ng PAGCOR na naglustay ng 26.7 million pesos para lamang gumawa ng pelikula; nagsunog ng 186 million pesos para sa isang partylist; at nagawa pang gamitin na pampapogi sa kampanya ang rice donations na nakalaan sana para sa mga biktima ng kalamidad.

Hinaharap na rin po ng mga dating pinuno ng PNP ang paratang ukol sa 131.6 million pesos na nawaldas para sa 75 depektibong rubber boat, at 104.99 million pesos para sa maanumalyang pagbili ng mga segunda-manong helicopter mula 2009 hanggang 2010. Mas mainam nga po kung masagot nila nang tama ang mga tanong ukol dito, nang matukoy natin kung may iba pang dapat managot.

Sa usaping Cadavero, PDAF, MRT 3, at iba pa: Dahil hindi alam ng ilang kritiko ang ginagawa namin, palagay nila wala kaming ginagawa sa mga isyung ito. Kung wala pang tangan na datos ang gobyerno at ipagsigawan naming, “Iimbestigahan namin kayo,” di ba’t para na rin naming sinabi sa mga kakasuhan na, “Pakitago naman po ‘nyo nang mahusay ang lahat ng ebidensya?” Kaya tutungo tayo kung saan tayo ituturo ng katotohanan; ebidensya ang magdidikta sa ating mga hakbang.

Nang inihayag nating “walang wangwang,” hindi lang natin binaklas ang mga sirena ng mga naghahari-harian sa kalsada; binungkal din natin ang kultura ng katiwalian na noo’y tila nakaugat na sa mga pampublikong institusyon.

Pero magtapatan po tayo: Hanggang ngayon, may ilan pa ring ahensya ng gobyerno na ayaw yata talagang tumino. Nakakadismaya po ang lalim at ang pagsanga-sanga ng kanilang mga galamay sa ating burukrasya; malingat lang tayo, pihadong may aabusuhin at bibiktimahin na naman sila. Magpangalan na po tayo: sa Bureau of Immigration, paulit-ulit nating pinagsabihang ayusin ang pagbabantay sa ating mga daungan at paliparan. Pero paanong nakalabas ng bansa ang magkapatid na Joel at Mario Reyes, ang mga pangunahing suspek sa pagpaslang kay Gerry Ortega? Bakit nangyari pa rin na kitang-kita sa mismong CCTV ang pagtakas ng Koreano na si Park Sungjun? Wanted po siya sa Korea, at nanghingi ng tulong ang kanyang gobyerno upang hulihin siya. Anong mukha naman po ang ihaharap natin gayong mismong mga kawani ng ating gobyerno ang naghatid sa kanya at hinayaan siyang makatakas?

Nakakatuyo din po ng pasensya ang kultura ng “pwede na” sa National Irrigation Administration. Imbes na maglatag ng plano para sa mga bagong patubig, kuntento na sila sa paulit-ulit na rehabilitasyon ng mga irigasyon. Masabi lang na may nagawa, kahit puro patsi-patsing trabaho, masaya na sila. Noon nga pong kanilang anibersaryo, itinanong ko kung bakit nasa 60 percent na naman lang ang kanilang target ang naabot noong 2012, kung umabot na sila sa 87 percent noong 2011. Kinabukasan, nagkita kami ng kanilang magaling na administrador sa NEDA Board meeting. Ang sabi niya sakin, “Sir, ang dahilan kaya 60 percent lang, 40 percent daw po kasi ng target nila ay para sa Mindanao, bagyong Pablo ang dumating at tinamaan kaya na-delay sila ng 40 percent.” Kailan po ba tumama ang Pablo? Noong unang linggo ng Disyembre. Ibig sabihin, binalak niyang tapusin ang 40 percent ng kanyang trabaho para sa taon, sa loob lamang ng tatlong linggo. Hindi po natin kailangan ng ganitong uri ng pamamahala sa loob ng burukrasya.

Para namang nakikipagtagisan sa kapalpakan itong Bureau of Customs. Imbes na maningil ng tamang buwis at pigilan ang kontrabando, parang walang pakundangan ang pagpapalusot nila ng kalakal, pati na ng ilegal na droga, armas, at iba pa sa ating teritoryo. Tinataya nga po ng Department of Finance na mahigit 200 billion pesos ang kita na dumudulas lang at hindi napupunta sa kaban ng bayan. Saan po kayo kumukuha ng kapal ng mukha ang mga kawani sa ahensyang ito? [Applause] Marami pong gabi bago ako matulog, talaga pong aking iniisip, kulang na lang ay sabihin nilang, “Wala akong pakialam kung mapunta sa masasamang loob ang armas; wala akong pakialam kung ilang buhay ang masira ng droga; wala akong pakialam kung habambuhay na matigang ang mga sakahan. Ang mahalaga, yumaman ako; bahala ka sa buhay mo.” Hindi maaaring ganito ang kalakaran sa pamahalaan. Kung hindi mo nagagawa ang iyong trabaho, hindi ka karapat-dapat na manatili sa pwesto. [Applause]

Kung matino kang kawani ng Bureau of Immigration, ng National Irrigation Administration, ng Customs, o ng kahit ano pang ahensya ng gobyerno, sana makiambag ka pa lalo. Hindi sapat na yumuko sa loob ng cubicle; bahagi ng trabaho mo ay ang pagpigil sa mali. Nasa tama kayo, kaya’t huwag po kayong magtago; padaliin ninyo ang pagnanais kong mahanap kayo; paaangatin ko kayo nang paaangatin upang ibandila ang inyong mabuting ehemplo, at mabago na ang maling kultura sa inyong mga naturang ahensya. [Applause]

Para naman po sa mga kawaning walang balak tumalikod sa kulturang wangwang: Tapos na ang pakikiusap. Nagkaroon kayo ng tatlong taon para ipakitang handa kayong umayos; ngayon, hahanapin, kung hindi pa kayo nahahanap, pero ‘yung ‘di ko pa nahanap, lalahatin na po natin kayong lahat; ngayon, pasensyahan tayo. [Applause]

Isabay na rin po natin sa pagbabago ang tiwaling mga miyembro ng Civil Service. Panahon pa lang po ng nanay ko, narinig ko na ang hirit na, “Ano ngayon kung utos ng Malacañang? Anim na taon lang kayo diyan.” Kailangan pong itama ang ganitong klaseng pag-iisip. Nananawagan po ako sa Kongreso: suriin natin ang ating Civil Service Code at PD 1, [applause] upang maisaayos ito sa lalong madaling panahon. Suportado ko ang pagbuo ng mekanismong magbabalik sa dangal ng serbisyo-publiko; na tanging mga tapat, mahuhusay, at may prinsipyong mga lingkod-bayan lamang ang maaaring makapasok at manatili sa gobyerno.

Ngayon naman po, hayaan natin ang ating mga kababayang magpahayag ng transpormasyong nangyayari sa lipunan:

[Video starts]

“Ako po si Violeta S. Abuque. ‘Yong buhay po namin noong walang Pantawid Pamilya, dahil nga sa hirap ng buhay, wala kang puwedeng lapitan, wala kang puwedeng gamitin na pera. Saan ka lumapit, walang puwedeng magpahiram sa’yo dahil sila rin po, mahirap rin sa buhay.

“Laking tuwa po namin nang biglang nagkaroon po ng programa ‘yong DSWD, naabot po kami sa kabundukan. Magiging katuwang ko siya para makapag-aral nang maayos ang mga bata.

“Namulat po talaga kami na kailangan palang tustusin ‘yung mga bata sa pag-aaral, para hindi na magaya sa mga ninuno namin na kahit pangalan lang po ay hindi maisulat.

“Nagpapasalamat po talaga ako, unang-una, sa Pantawid Pamilya, sa mga sumuporta po nito.”

— Violeta S. Abuque, CCT beneficiary

“‘Yong dati’y sila’y pumapasok noon na medyo walang baon. Eh noong magkaroon na kami, may baon na sila, nag-aalmusal na.

“Kailangan ‘yong kasama doon sa kasunduan, magampanan mo talaga. Siyempre, kailangan pagyamanin mo rin ‘yong tulong niya, gumawa ka rin ng paraan kung paano mo pa madadagdagan. Kaya gumagawa kami ng anak ko, tulong kami, ng peanut butter binebenta namin linggo-linggo.

“Nagpapasalamat po ako na napabilang ako sa isa sa Pantawid na programang ito, kasi malaking tulong po ito sa aming pamilya.”

— Dulce Panaligan, CCT beneficiary

“Para matustusan din po ‘yong paghahanap ko ng trabaho, nagbalik po ako bilang magbabalut. May free training daw si TESDA. Binasa ko ‘yong impormasyon tungkol doon, at hanggang sa magpa-register po ako. Masaya po ako sa naitulong ng TESDA program, dahil, ito na, nalaman ko na kung ano siya, ‘yong trabahong ginugusto ko. At saka, nagagamit ko na siya ngayon sa ikauunlad ko pa at ikatututo ko pa, habang ginagawa ko po ‘yong trabaho ko.

— Emerson Paguia, TESDA scholar

“April 2 po, 6:45 ng umaga, papunta po ako ng PCCR review center. May nakasakay po ako na holdaper sa jeep. Sa taas po ng Nagtahan flyover, nag-declare po siya ng hold-up. Tinutukan niya po ako ng kutsilyo. Nakipaglaban po ako, nasaksak niya po ako sa hita, naagaw ko po sa kanya ‘yong kutsilyo, at noong bago po siya bumaba ng jeep, nasaksak ko po siya sa likod. Pagbaba po niya ng jeep, hinabol ko po siya, parehas po kaming duguan. ‘Yun po siguro ‘yong nakatawag pansin po sa taong-bayan para mahuli po yung holdaper.

“Inisip ko rin po ‘yong sinumpuang serbisyo ko sa taong-bayan. Sa kapwa ko pulis: Gumawa lang po tayo ng tama, at kung ano ‘yong mabuti para sa kapakanan ng ating bayan—at the same time po, magiging reflection ng ginagawa natin sa PNP.”

— PO3 Edlyn Arbo

“Na-assign ako dito sa Police Station 4, 2006 hanggang 2012. Binigyan ako ng spot meritorious promotion ng ating Pangulo, dahil siguro sa apprehension ko ng mga most wanted na criminal dito sa Bacolod City. Noong nakaraang Sabado, ‘yung binigay na baril sa akin ng ating Pangulo ay nagamit ko na sa pagdakip ng isang notorious na bukas-kotse dito sa Bacolod City.

“Nagtatrabaho tayo, kahit na mahirap, kahit na ang buhay natin ay ating itataya, para lang makapagsilbi tayo sa ating kapwa at sa bayan.”

— PO3 Felipe Moncatar

“Noong nasiraan ako dito sa may Quezon Avenue, bago mag-tunnel, after 15 minutes may dumating na, I think he’s a policeman. Pero ‘tong pulis na ‘to, tinulungan talaga ako. He even tried to lift the car with his bare hands. So I was thinking na baka, eventually, humingi ng pera ‘to. Then dumating ‘yong wrecker, nire-wreck na ‘yung sasakyan ko, tinotow na kaagad. Sabi ng pulis: No, tulong muna bago hatak.

“Out of my gratitude, binibigyan ko siya ng 1,000 kasi tinulungan niya ko. Pero ‘di niya tinanggap. Ang sagot niya sa ’kin: Ang trabaho namin ay tumulong sa mamamayan.

“May pagbabago na sa ating mga kapulisan. Para kay PO Sultan: I salute you.”

— Armin Punzalan, businessman

“Sa ngayon, ‘yong tinatawag nating modernization program ng Navy, hindi lang naman gamit ‘yan e. Kaakibat na rin yung para sa mga welfare sa mga tao natin. At nakikita naman namin—hindi lang ako, sampu ng aking mga kasama sa Hukbong Dagat ng Pilipinas: Natutuwa kami sa mga changes na nakikita namin. ‘Yong tuwid na daan ng ating Pangulo, talagang nararamdaman talaga namin. Masaya kami ngayon; wala na kaming hihilingin pa. Kaya sabi ko sa mga kasama ko, ibinibigay na sa ’tin ng gobyerno lahat. Gawin naman natin trabaho natin, at ibalik natin para sa bayan, para sa mga tao.”

— Lt. Commander Desuasido, Philippine Navy

[Video ends]

[Applause]

Ni minsan, hindi naman nagkulang ang bansa natin ng mga taong handang manindigan at lumaban, kahit gaano pa kalaki ang mga pagsubok sa kaniyang harapan. Nariyan ang tapang na ipinamalas ni Commodore Ramon Alcaraz noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Lulan ng isang Q-Boat na yari sa kahoy, sinagupa niya ang siyam na Zero fighter ng hapon, na itinuturing noon na isa sa pinakamodernong eroplano; tatlo nito ang napabagsak niya. Ang totoo nga po, tuluy-tuloy pa rin siyang lalaban, kung hindi pa ang sarili niyang mga pinuno ang nag-atas sa kanyang sumuko. Ang kagitingang ito ang araw-araw ding ipinapamalas ng mga sundalo nating nagtatanod sa mga pinakaliblib na kabundukan, at sa pinakamalalayo nating isla; mga kawal na tinitiis ang layo sa pamilya, at taas-noong naninindigan sa sinumang sumusubok sa ating soberanya. Hindi rin po kalabisang isiping ang mga tagumpay natin sa tuwid na daan ay maaaring pangarap pa rin hanggang ngayon kung wala ang mga miyembro naman ng ating Gabinete. Nang inalok ko silang maging bahagi ng ating pamahalaan, alam nilang hindi magiging madali ang kanilang trabaho. Subalit maituturing na biyaya na tinanggap nila ang hamon, nanumpa silang tutulong sa transpormasyon, at simula’t sapul, araw-araw silang nagsasakripisyo upang hindi masayang ang pribilehiyong paglingkuran kayo.

May mga katulad ni Kalihim Albert del Rosario. Kung ibabase sa tradisyon, ang unang opisyal na biyahe sa labas ng Pilipinas ng isang kalihim ay sa mga bansang may matibay at mapayapa tayong ugnayan. Ngunit pagkatapos niyang manumpa bilang Foreign Affairs Secretary, kumuha lang yata ng pambihis, lumipad agad si Secretary del Rosario patungong Libya; dumaan sa mahigit dalawampung checkpoint sa gitna ng putukan, at pinamunuan ang paglikas ng mahigit dalawampung libong Pilipino na naipit sa kaguluhan sa Libya. [Applause] Baka po magulat kayo pag narinig ninyo kung taga-saang bansa ang mga banyagang nakiangkas pa sa ating paglilikas. Iba na nga po ang Pilipinas ngayon: Imbes na tayo lang ang parating tinutulungan, ngayon, kaya na rin nating tumulong sa mga dayuhan. [Applause] Kung tutuusin, maaari namang tanggihan ni Secretary Albert ang pagtatrabaho sa gobyerno. Isa siyang respetado’t matagumpay na negosyante, at tiyak na mas magiging komportable siya sa pribadong buhay. Dati na rin po nating siyang nakiambag bilang ambassador sa Amerika. Puwede naman siyang nadismaya na lang nang pababain siya sa puwesto, dahil tinutulan niya ang pagdeklara ng State of Emergency ng nakaraang administrasyon noong 2006. Pero tinawag po natin siya para bumalik, at tumugon siya. Ngayon po, nagbibigay siya ng mas malaki pang ambag bilang kalihim. Handa niyang ilagay ang sarili sa panganib, dahil alam niyang walang ibang sasaklolo sa Pilipino kundi ang kapwa rin Pilipino. Sa patuloy mong paninindigan para sa ating karapatan, saludo po ako sa inyo, Secretary Albert del Rosario. [Applause]

Transpormasyon din po ang dulot ng inspirasyong hatid ng matitinong lingkod-bayan. Nagluksa ang milyun-milyong Pilipino sa pagpanaw ni Jesse Robredo. Sa loob ng halos dalawang dekada, namuno siya nang may husay, malasakit, at pagpapakumbaba sa Naga. Ang mga prinsipyong ito nga mismo ang dahilan kung bakit hiniram natin siya mula kay Congresswoman Leni, at sa tatlo nilang mga anak, at sa mga Nagueño, upang maging bahagi ng ating Gabinete. Kaya nga po, matapos ang trahedya, isa na siguro sa pinakamahirap na tungkuling ginampanan ko ang paghahatid ng balita kina Leni at kanilang mga anak.

Bukod sa pagluluksa, hindi ko maiwasang sisihin ang sarili ko dahil sa sinapit ni Jesse. Baka kung hindi ko siya hinikayat mapabilang sa Gabinete, buhay pa siya ngayon. Baka kung nanatili na lamang siya sa Naga, kapiling pa natin siya. Baka may isa pa ring Jesse Robredo na naglilingkod ngayon.

Subalit sa isang banda, alam kong hindi hahayaan ni Jesse na tumigil sa kanya ang pagbabago at pagtutuwid ng lipunan. Nabigyan lamang ako, at nabigyan din lamang si Jesse, ng pagkakataong maglingkod sa bansa dahil sa inyo. Hindi nag-iisa ang mukha ng pagbabago. Hindi na aabutin pa ng isandaang taon bago isilang ang susunod na mabuting tao, bago tumindig ang susunod na mabuting Pilipino.

May mga nagtatanong nga po lagi sa akin: Paano na sa 2016? Paano pag bumaba ka na? Tapos na rin ba ang tapat na pamamahala? Tapos na ba ang tuwid na daan?

Mga Boss, isipin nga po natin: Saan ba tayo nagmula? Kung may agam-agam kayo ngayon, ano ba naman ito kumpara sa agam-agam natin noong 2010? Di ba’t masaya na tayo noon na tapos na ang panahon ng kadiliman? Di ba’t noon, sapat nang mapalitan ang mga nasa kapangyarihan?

Ngayon, tinatamasa na natin ang pagbabago. Mula ito sa mga butil ng malasakit, ng pakikipagkapwa, ng pagkakawang-gawa; nanggaling ito sa milyun-milyong Pilipinong kahit sa pinakapayak na paraan ay nagkusang makiambag sa transpormasyon ng bansa.

Sa pag-aambagang ito, tingnan ninyo ang ating narating: May nakaisip bang magiging abot-kamay na ang kapayapaan sa rehiyong apatnapung taon nang pinupunit ng hidwaan? Di ba’t gawa ito ng mga Morong handang magbaba ng armas at sinabing, “Halika, mag-usap na tayo, nagtitiwala ako”? Di ba’t gawa ito ng karaniwang mamamayang nagsabing, “Kapatid, pareho tayong Pilipino, tama na nga ang gulo”? [Applause]

Nang unang iminungkahi ang Pantawid Pamilya, nariyan ang tanong: Paanong maaabot ang kailangan nitong epekto; nasaan ang pondo para masaklaw ang lahat ng maralitang Pilipino? May nag-akala bang, matapos lamang ang tatlong taon, aabot sa halos apat na milyong kabahayan ang nagiging benepisyaryo nito? At di ba’t sila rin—ang bawat inang gumigising nang maaga para ipaghanda ang anak niyang papasok sa eskuwela, ang bawat batang nag-aaral nang mabuti—di ba’t sila rin ang nakiambag at patuloy na nakikiambag para magtagumpay ang programang ito?

May nag-akala bang mula sa pag-aangkat ng milyun-milyong toneladang bigas, sa pagtatapos pa lang ng 2012 ay 94 percent rice self-sufficient na tayo? May nag-akala bang ang dating “Sick Man of Asia,” sa loob lamang ng tatlong taon ng tapat na pamamahala, ay nasa investment grade status na? Sino nga po ba ang nag-isip na maipapatupad ang lahat ng serbisyong panlipunan natin ngayon, nang di nagtataas ng buwis maliban syempre sa Sin Tax? Di ba’t nakiambag dito ang bawat accountant, doktor, abugado, na ngayon ay nagbabayad ng tamang buwis? Di ba’t nakiambag tayong lahat dito?

May puwang pa ba para sa mga agam-agam? Ngayon pa bang natutupad na ang mga dating ni hindi natin magawang pangarapin, ngayon pa bang nakausad na tayo, at abot-kamay na ang ating mga hangarin—Boss, ngayon pa ba tayo magdududa?

Sa bawat Pilipinong nagtitiwala sa kapangyarihan ng maliliit na anyo ng kabutihan: Kayo nga po ang gumawa ng pagbabago. SONA po ninyo ito.

Sa bawat gurong bumabangon nang madaling-araw para magturo sa kanayunan: SONA mo ito. Sa bawat pulis na nagsilbi at hindi nanghingi ng kapalit: SONA po n’yo ito.

Sa mga hindi panatag sa listahan ng mga tatakbo sa halalan, at kinatok ang kapitbahay para sabihing, “Huwag tayong makuntento, magtulungan tayong humanap ng karapat-dapat na pinuno,” SONA mo ito.

Sa bawat estudyanteng mulat sa mga napapanahong isyu sa lipunan, at sa halip na magreklamo lang sa Facebook ay nagmumungkahi ng solusyon: SONA mo ito. [Applause]

Kay Brigadier General Ramon Mateo Dizon, paretirong pinuno ng Presidential Security Group, na kasama ko na noon pa, laban sa mga kudeta noong panahon ng nanay ko: Hanggang sa aking pagkapangulo, pinangalagaan mo ang seguridad ko, pati na ng personal at opisyal kong pamilya. Buong kumpiyansa akong pumunta, sa ibang bansa man o sa mga liblib na sulok ng Pilipinas. Chito, nakiambag ka rin sa pagbabago; tunay kang tapat sa watawat, sa Saligang Batas, at sa sambayanang Pilipino. [Applause] Siyempre, kung ‘di ka inalalayan ng iyong butihing maybahay na si Jo-ann, hindi mo naabot ang iyong mga tagumpay. SONA ninyong dalawa ito. [Applause]

At sa lahat ng mga gumising sa nagtutulug-tulugan, sa mga nagmulat sa mga nagbubulag-bulagan, sa mga kumalampag sa mga nagbibingi-bingihan: SONA po ninyo ito. [Applause]

Mahaba pa ang ating lalakbayin, at hindi natin kailanman sinabing madali o walang mga hadlang sa landas na ito. Subalit wala akong duda sa kakayahan nating lampasan ang anumang barikada. Hindi tsamba ang mga tagumpay na tinatamasa natin ngayon; huwag tayong papayag na maging panandalian lamang ang transpormasyon. Samantalahin natin ang pagkakataon upang gawing permanente ang pagbabago.

Ito po ang aking ikaapat na SONA. Noong ako’y Congressman, ang mga taga-Tarlac ang aking lakas; nang ako’y maging Senador, at hanggang ngayon, sa aking pagkapangulo, nariyan ang sambayanan—Pilipinas, kayo ang aking lakas. [Applause] Sa patuloy nating pag-aambagan at pananalig sa kapwa at sa Maykapal, sinasabi ko po sa inyo: Kayo pa rin ang sisigurong magpapatuloy ang ating nasimulan; kayo ang sisigurong mabubura na nang tuluyan ang mukha ng katiwalian; kayo ang sisigurong hinding-hindi na tayo muling lilihis sa tuwid na daan.

Sinabi po sa akin dati: Noynoy, simulan mo lang, at sinimulan nga po natin, at ngayon, kitang-kita na ang layo ng ating narating. Ngayon, Pilipino, ituloy natin ang pagkakapit-bisig, sabay nating arugain, pabilisin, at palawakin ang transpormasyon ng lipunan. Ako po si Noynoy Aquino; ipinagmamalaki ko sa buong mundo: Pilipino ako. At talagang napakasarap maging Pilipino sa panahong ito.

Maraming salamat po. Magandang hapon sa lahat. [Applause]

Source: http://www.gov.ph/2013/07/22/benigno-s-aquino-iii-fourth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-22-2013/


Quiz – Corporation Law

Revised Penal Code Revised: Criminal Age Lowered to 13 in House Bill

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RPC Revision

RPC Revision

 

By Leila B. Salaverria, Philippine Daily Inquirer, 6:43 am | Wednesday, August 14th, 2013,

MANILA, Philippines—After 81 years, the country’s criminal code appears headed for a much-needed makeover with the filing of a bill on Tuesday mandating sweeping reforms that would replace antiquated provisions and obsolete penalties that fail to address the call of the times.

One key provision of the bill that would repeal Book I of the Revised Penal Code (RPC) and put in place a new criminal code is the one lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility to 13 years from 15 years, the bill’s author, Iloilo Rep. Niel Tupas Jr., said.

Another provision prescribes a change to the universal jurisdiction of crimes instead of the current jurisdiction based on territory.

Tupas said massive changes to the RPC were necessary to make the country’s laws more responsive to the times.

Archaic crimes

“While the RPC still defines archaic crimes such as ‘challenging to a duel’ and ‘qualified theft of coconuts,’ it has largely been ineffective in addressing organized crime, transactional crime, cybercrime and such other emergent criminal activities that proliferate today,” he said in the explanatory note to the bill.

Tupas told reporters that lowering the age of criminal responsibility was necessary to prevent gangs from using children in their activities. He also said 13-year-olds today were more well-informed compared to children of the same age back in time.

“A 13-year-old in 2013 is different from a 13-year-old in the 18th century,” he said.

Under the bill, those between 13 and 18 years would be penalized depending on the nature of the crime but be given suspended sentences and referrals to diversionary programs.

Another change would be the simplification of crime categories, meaning there will be no more frustrated stage of commission. For instance, there will be no more frustrated murder, just attempted murder and murder.

Participants in a crime would also either be principals or accomplices. There will be no more accessories.

The bill also seeks to impose a new penalty scale composed of numbered levels instead of Latin terms. This would allow for an easier classification of crimes according to gravity and simplify the sentencing process.

Double jeopardy

It also proposes to rationalize the rule on double jeopardy to prevent its abuse, by adding a provision stating that an appeal from a judgment of dismissal or acquittal shall not be treated as a second jeopardy.

As he pushed for a new criminal code, Tupas filed another bill that would streamline the criminal investigation process and improve the way the government responds to injustice, by removing the layers of bureaucracy and simplifying the process.

The bill, which seeks to institutionalize a criminal investigation system, would require prosecutors to work closely with the police in gathering evidence and building a case. This would be the criminal investigation stage, the first of two steps under the preliminary investigation process.

Read more: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/465181/revised-penal-code-revised-criminal-age-lowered-to-13-in-house-bill#ixzz2btwMtDIh


Jurisprudence About Love

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Jurisprudence About Love

Jurisprudence About Love

Love happens to everyone. It is dubbed to be boundless as it goes beyond the expectations people tagged with it. In love, “age does matter.” People love in order to be secure that one will share his/her life with another and that he/she will not die alone. Individuals who are in love had the power to let love grow or let love die – it is a choice one had to face when love is not the love he/she expected. – Padilla-Rumbaua v. Rumbaua, G.R. No. 166738, August 14, 2009

If the two eventually fell in love, despite the disparity in their ages and academic levels, this only lends substance to the truism that the heart has reasons of its own which reason does not know. But, definitely, yielding to this gentle and universal emotion is not to be so casually equated with immorality. The deviation of the circumstances of their marriage from the usual societal pattern cannot be considered as a defiance of contemporary social mores. – Chua-Qua vs. Clave, G.R. No. 49549, August 30, 1990

Love is useless unless it is shared with another. Indeed, no man is an island, the cruelest act of a partner in marriage is to say “I could not have cared less.” This is so because an ungiven self is an unfulfilled self. The egoist has nothing but himself. In the natural order, it is sexual intimacy which brings spouses wholeness and oneness. Sexual intimacy is a gift and a participation in the mystery of creation. It is a function which enlivens the hope of procreation and ensures the continuation of family relations. – Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA, G.R. No. 119190, January 16, 1997

Marital union is a two-way process. An expressive interest in each other’s feelings at a time it is needed by the other can go a long way in deepening the marital relationship. Marriage is definitely not for children but for two consenting adults who view the relationship with love amor gignit amorem, respect, sacrifice and a continuing commitment to compromise, conscious of its value as a sublime social institution. – Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA, G.R. No. 119190, January 16, 1997

“In rape, the ‘sweetheart’ defense must be proven by compelling evidence: first, that the accused and the victim were lovers; and, second, that she consented to the alleged sexual relations. The second is as important as the first, because this Court has held often enough that love is not a license for lust.” – People v. Bautista, G.R. No. 140278, June 3, 2004, 430 SCRA 469, 471.

Love is not a license for carnal intercourse through force or intimidation. . . A sweetheart cannot be forced to have sex against her will. A man cannot demand sexual submission and, worse, employ
violence upon her on a mere justification of love. – People vs Gecomo, G.R. Nos. 115035-36, February 23, 1996

Profession of love is not enough; acceptance of the proffer must be proved to show a sweetheart relationship. Allegations are not proof. There must be corroborative evidence. – Manuel Huang Chua v. People, supra, Note 2.

The medical examination of a victim is not a requisite for the successful prosecution of rape. Even without a medical report, a court may convict an accused based on the offended party’s credible testimony. The “sweetheart” defense cannot be given credence in the absence of corroborative proof like love notes, mementos, pictures or tokens. Love is not a license to rape. – People v. Lampaza, G.R. No. 138876, November 24, 1999

When love is lost between spouses and the marriage inevitably results in separation, the bitterest tussle is often over the custody of their children. The Court is now tasked to settle the opposing claims of the parents for custody pendente lite of their child who is less than seven years of age. There being no sufficient proof of any compelling reason to separate the minor from his mother, custody should remain with her. – Gualberto v. Gualberto, G.R. No. 154994, June 28, 2005

The universal puff about love being free, doubtless a stale statement, remains a useful piece of legal advice yet for the roaming lothario, to stress that money in all its forms, the dowry included, is not the legitimate consideration for passion and affection which ordinarily spring from courtship and requited love, nor does it endow a license to subject the object of his affection to lewd desires – People v. Egan, G.R. No. 139338, May 28, 2002

In hindsight, one may say that the instant case is all about love extending beyond the realm of law and morality. The titillation which this abstraction brings forth, however, should not gloss over the fact that a young innocent girl was ruthlessly torn from the side of her family, overpowered by superior strength, her cries for help stifled, and rushed to an unknown house and there defiled. Certainly, there is something more to be endured by her than mere physical pain although that may not be inconsiderable. In justifying the penalty imposed upon such misguided act, even if it was done purportedly to soothe the indignity of an unrequited love, we said in United States v. Borromeo: “[W]hen such an occurrence ceases to be a reality to her and becomes a memory, if it ever does, she may derive no comfort, no pride, no satisfaction by recalling it. Shame, misery, mortification, are her lot. Nor can she, if she would, banish the dreadful occurrence from her thoughts. The story has spread like wildfire. Pitying looks, pointing fingers, and morbid stares remind her everywhere she goes of her terrible experience x x x x In the case of the girl, the effects are permanent and far-reaching. Time may lessen but can never annul her sufferings. Nor is she the only sufferer. Her whole family, to a lesser degree, shares in her humiliation.” – People v. Egan, G.R. No. 139338, May 28, 2002

In People v. Cias, this Court held that “love affair does not justify rape for a man does not have the unbridled license to subject his beloved to his carnal desires against her will.”

Shorn of any reference to psychology, we conclude that we have a case here of parties who have very human faults and frailties; who have been together for some time; and who are now tired of each other. If in fact the respondent does not want to provide the support expected of a wife, the cause is not necessarily a grave and incurable psychological malady whose effects go as far as to affect her capacity to provide marital support promised and expected when the marital knot was tied. To be tired and to give up on one’s situation and on one’s husband are not necessarily signs of psychological illness; neither can falling out of love be so labeled. When these happen, the remedy for some is to cut the marital knot to allow the parties to go their separate ways. This simple remedy, however, is not available to us under our laws. Ours is still a limited remedy that addresses only a very specific situation – a relationship where no marriage could have validly been concluded because the parties, or one of them, by reason of a grave and incurable psychological illness existing when the marriage was celebrated, did not appreciate the obligations of marital life and, thus, could not have validly entered into a marriage – Reyes So v. Valera, G.R. No. 150677, June 5, 2009

In People v. Napudo, The fact alone that two people were seen seated beside each other, conversing during a jeepney ride, without more, cannot give rise to the inference that they were sweethearts. Intimacies such as loving caresses, cuddling, tender smiles, sweet murmurs or any other affectionate gestures that one bestows upon his or her lover would have been seen and are expected to indicate the presence of the relationship.

Do you know any quotes or jurisprudence about love which has not been included in here? Please post them as a comment below and I will update this article soon!

REPOST: SC asked to rule on Tubbataha case

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Philippine Tubattaha Reef Case

Philippine Tubattaha Reef Case

By Edu Punay (The Philippine Star) | Updated January 17, 2014 – 12:00am

MANILA, Philippines – The Supreme Court (SC) was asked yesterday to finally rule on the petition of several groups seeking higher penalties and criminal prosecution of US Navy officers and crew of the minesweeper USS Guardian that ran aground on the world famous Tubbataha Reef exactly a year ago today.

In an 11-page manifestation, petitioners led by Puerto Princesa, Palawan Bishop Pedro Arigo reiterated their plea for issuance of a temporary protection order (TEPO) enjoining respondents from conducting military exercises and port calls until clear environmental guidelines, duties and liability schemes for breaches are put in place.

They also sought the Court’s issuance of a TEPO requiring US officials and their representatives to place a deposit in the Tubbataha Reef National Park Trust Fund as a gesture towards full reparations in the amount of P58.37 million.

They pointed out that under international and domestic laws such as the Polluter Pay Principles, Rio and Stockholm Declarations, the US government is legally bound to pay for environmental damages brought about by its military forces and assets in other countries.

“The US government simply has no excuse not to immediately pay at least P58 million for the damages that it has incurred in Tubbataha Reef, but it still has not complied with the prescribed indemnification a year after,” lamented the petitioners.

The USS Guardian damaged around 2,345.67 square meters of the reef when the ship ran aground in the Tubbataha Reef, which is a United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site on Jan. 17, 2013, exactly a year ago today.

The vessel was stuck in the marine park for 10 weeks until salvage teams removed the last piece on March 30 last year.

The groups also asked the High Court to require the respondents to undertake measures to rehabilitate the areas affected by the grounding of the Guardian.

The Department of Foreign Affairs, Department of National Defense, and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, they said, should review the Visiting Forces Agreement and the Mutual Defense Treaty to determine whether there are provisions that ensure protection of the environment.

The STAR earlier reported that the US embassy in Manila has not responded to the high court’s request for comment on the petition that named US Seventh Fleet commander Scott Swift and Guardian commanding officer Mark Rice as among the respondents. – With Delon Porcalla, Michelle Zoleta

Source: http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/01/17/1279778/sc-asked-rule-tubbataha-case


RA 8504 – The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

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RA 8504 - The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

RA 8504 – The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

Republic Act 8504

The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
S. No. 1818
H. No. 10510

Republic of the Philippines
Congress of the Philippines
Metro Manila
Tenth Congress
Third Regular Session

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday the twenty-eighth day of July, nineteen hundred and ninety-seven.

[REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8504]

AN ACT PROMULGATING POLICIES AND PRESCRIBING MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS IN THE PHILIPPINES, INSTITUTING A NATIONWIDE HIV/AIDS INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM, ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE HIV/AIDS MONITORING SYSTEM, STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL AIDS COUNCIL, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

SEC. 1. Title – This Act shall be known as the “Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998.”
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policies – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that recognizes no territorial, social, political and economic boundaries for which there is no known cure. The gravity of the AIDS threat demands strong State action today, thus:

(a) The State shall promote public awareness about the causes, modes of transmission, consequences, means of prevention and control of HIV/ AIDS through a comprehensive nationwide educational and information campaign organized and conducted by the State. Such campaigns shall promote value formation and employ scientifically proven approaches, focus on the family as a basic social unit, and be carried out in all schools and training centers, workplaces, and communities. This program shall involve affected individuals and groups, including people living with HIV/AIDS.
(b) The State shall extend to every person suspected or known to be infected with HIV/AIDS full protection of his/her human rights and civil liberties. Towards this end,

(1) compulsory HIV testing shall be considered unlawful unless otherwise provided in this Act;
(2) the right of privacy of individuals with HIV shall be guaranteed;
(3) discrimination, in all its forms and subtleties, against individuals with HIV or persons perceived or suspected of having HIV shall be considered inimical to individual and national interest, and;
(4) provision of basic health and social services for individuals with HIV shall be assured.
(c) The State shall promote utmost safety and universal precautions in practices and procedures that carry the risk of HIV transmission.
(d) The State shall positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection, including but not limited to, poverty, gender inequality, prostitution, marginalization, drug abuse and ignorance.
(e) The State shall recognize the potential role of affected individuals in propagating vital information and educational messages about HIV/ AIDS and shall utilize their experience to warn the public about the disease.

SEC. 3. Definition of Terms – As used in this Act, the following terms are defined as follows:

(a) “Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)” a condition characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another person which attacks and weakens the body’s immune system, making the afflicted individual susceptible to other life threatening infections.
(b) “Anonymous Testing” – refers to an HIV testing procedure whereby the individual being tested does not reveal his/her true identity. An identifying number or symbol is used to substitute for the name and allows the laboratory conducting the test and the person on whom the test is conducted to match the test results with the identifying number or symbol.
(c) “Compulsory HIV Testing” – refers to HIV testing imposed upon a person attended or characterized by the lack of vitiated consent, use of physical force, intimidation or any form of compulsion.
(d) “Contact tracing” – refers to the method of finding and counselling the sexual partner(s) of a person who has been diagnosed as having sexually transmitted disease.
(e) “Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)” – refers to the virus which causes AIDS.
(f) “HIV/AIDS Monitoring” – refers to the documentation and analysis of the number of HIV/AIDS infections and the pattern of its spread.
(g) “HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control” – refers to measures aimed at protecting non-infected persons from contracting HIV and minimizing the impact of the condition of persons living with HIV.
(h) “HIV-positive” – refers to the presence of HIV infection as documented by the presence of HIV or HIV antibodies in the sample being tested.
(i) “HIV-negative” – denotes the absence of HIV or HIV antibodies upon HIV testing.
(j) “HIV Testing” – refers to any laboratory procedure done on an individual to determine the presence or absence of HIV infection.
(k) “HIV Transmission” – refers to the transfer of HIV from one infected person to an uninfected individual, most commonly through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing of intravenous needles and during pregnancy.
(l) “High-Risk Behavior” – refers to a person’s frequent involvement in certain activities which increase the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV.
(m) “Informed Consent” – refers to the voluntary agreement of a person to undergo or be subjected to a procedure based on full information, whether such permission is written, conveyed verbally, or expressed directly.
(n) “Medical Confidentiality” – refers to the relationship of trust and confidence created or existing between a patient or a person with HIV and his attending physician, consulting medical specialist, nurse, medical technologist and all other health workers or personnel involved in any counselling, testing or professional care of the former; it also applies to any person who, in any official capacity, has acquired or may have acquired such confidential information.
(o) “Person with HIV” – refers to an individual whose HIV test indicates, directly or indirectly, that he/she is infected with HIV.
(p) “Pre-Test Counselling” – refers to the process of providing an individual information on the biomedical aspects of HIV/AIDS and emotional support to any psychological implications of undergoing HIV testing and the test result itself before he/she is subjected to the test.
(q) “Post-Test Counselling” – refers to the process of providing risk-reduction information and emotional support to a person who submitted to HIV testing at the time the result is released.
(r) “Prophylactic” – refers to any agent or device used to prevent the transmission of a disease.
(s) “Sexually Transmitted Diseases” – refers to any disease that may be acquired or passed through sexual contact.
(t) “Voluntary HIV Testing” – refers to HIV testing done on an individual who, after having undergone pre-test counselling, willingly submits himself/herself to such a test.
(u) “Window Period” – refers to the period of time, usually lasting from two weeks to six (6) months during which an infected individual will test “negative” upon HIV testing but can actually transmit the infection.

ARTICLE I Education and Information

SEC. 4. HIV/AIDS Education in Schools – The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), utilizing official information provided by the Department of Health, shall integrate instruction on the causes, modes of transmission and ways of preventing HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases in subjects taught in public and private schools at intermediate grades, secondary and tertiary levels, including non-formal and indigenous learning systems: Provided, That if the integration of HIV/ AIDS education is not appropriate or feasible, the DECS and the TESDA shall design special modules on HIV/AIDS prevention and control: Provided, further, That it shall not be used as an excuse to propagate birth control or the sale or distribution of birth control devices: Provided, finally, That it does not utilize sexually explicit materials.

Flexibility in the formulation and adoption of appropriate course content, scope, and methodology in each teaching level or group shall be allowed after consultations with Parent-Teachers-Community Associations, Private School Associations, school officials, and other interest groups. As such, no instruction shall be offered to minors without the adequate prior consultation with parents who must agree to the thrust and content of the instruction materials.

All teachers and instructors of HIV/AIDS courses shall be required to undergo a seminar or training on HIV/AIDS prevention and control to be supervised by DECS, CHED and TESDA, in coordination with the Department of Health (DOH) before they are allowed to teach on the subject.

SEC. 5. HIV/AIDS Information as a Health Service – HIV/AIDS education and information dissemination shall form part of the delivery of health services by health practitioners, workers and personnel. The knowledge and capabilities of all public health workers shall be enhanced to include skills for proper information dissemination and education on HIV/AIDS. It shall likewise be considered a civic duty of health providers in the private sector to make available to the public such information necessary to control the spread of HIV/AIDS and to correct common misconceptions about this disease. The training of health workers shall include discussions on HIV-related ethical issues such as confidentiality, informed consent and the duty to provide treatment.

SEC. 6. HIV/AIDS Education in the Workplace – All government and private employees, workers, managers, and supervisors, including members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine National Police (PNP), shall be provided with the standardized basic information and instruction on HIV/AIDS which shall include topics on confidentiality in the workplace and attitude towards infected employees and workers. In collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH), the Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) shall oversee the anti-HIV/AIDS campaign in all private companies while the Armed Forces Chief of Staff and the Director General of the PNP shall oversee the implementation of this section.

SEC. 7. HIV/AIDS Education for Filipinos Going Abroad – The State shall ensure that all overseas Filipino workers and diplomatic, military, trade, and labor officials and personnel to be assigned overseas shall undergo or attend a seminar on the cause, prevention and consequences of HIV/AIDS before certification for overseas assignment. The Department of Labor and Employment, or the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Department of Tourism and the Department of Justice through the Bureau of Immigration, as the case may be, in collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH), shall oversee the implementation of this section.

SEC. 8. Information Campaigns for Tourists and Transients – Informational aids or materials on the cause, modes of transmission and prevention and consequences of HIV infection shall be adequately provided at all international ports of entry and exit. The Department of Tourism, the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Department of Justice through the Bureau of Immigration, in collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH), shall oversee the implementation of this Act.

SEC. 9. HIV/AIDS Education in Communities – Local government units, in collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH), shall conduct educational and information campaign on HIV/AIDS. The provincial governor, city or municipal mayor and the barangay captain shall coordinate such campaign among concerned government agencies, non-government organizations and church-based groups.

SEC. 10. Information on Prophylactics – Appropriate information shall be attached to or provided with every prophylactic offered for sale or given as a donation. Such information shall be legibly printed in English and Filipino, and contain literature on the proper use of the prophylactic device or agent, its efficacy against HIV and STD infection, as well as the importance of sexual abstinence and mutual fidelity.

SEC. 11. Penalties for Misleading Information – Misinformation on HIV/ AIDS prevention and control through false and misleading advertising and claims in any of the tri-media or the promotional marketing of drugs, devices, agents or procedures without prior approval from the Department of Health and the Bureau of Food and Drugs and the requisite medical and scientific basis, including markings and indications in drugs and devises or agents, purporting to be a cure or a fail-safe prophylactic for HIV infection is punishable with a penalty of imprisonment for two (2) months to two (2) years, without prejudice to the imposition of administrative sanctions such as fines and suspension or revocation of professional or business license.

ARTICLE II Safe Practices and Procedures

SEC. 12. Requirement on the Donation of Blood, Tissue, or Organ – No laboratory or institution shall accept a donation of tissue or organ, whether such a donation is gratuitous or onerous, unless a sample from the donor has been tested negative for HIV. All donated blood shall also be subjected to HIV testing and HIV(+) blood shall be disposed of properly and immediately. A second testing may be demanded as a matter of right by the blood, tissue, or organ recipient or his immediate relatives before transfusion or transplant, except during emergency cases: Provided, That donations of blood, tissue or organ testing positive for HIV may be accepted for research purposes only, and subject to strict sanitary disposal requirements.

SEC. 13. Guidelines on Surgical and Similar Procedures – The Department of Health (DOH), in consultation and in coordination with concerned professional organizations and hospital associations, shall issue guidelines on precautions against HIV transmission during surgical, dental, embalming, tattooing or similar procedures. The DOH shall likewise issue guidelines on the handling and disposition of cadavers, body fluids or wastes of persons known or believed to be HIV-positive. The necessary protective equipment such as gloves, goggles and gown shall be made available to all physicians and health workers and similarly exposed personnel at all times.

SEC. 14. Penalties for Unsafe Practices and Procedures – Any person who knowingly or negligently causes another to get infected with HIV in the course of his/her profession through unsafe or unsanitary practice or procedure is liable to suffer a penalty of imprisonment for six (6) years to twelve (12) years without prejudice to the imposition of administrative sanctions such as, but not limited to, fines and suspension or the revocation of license to practice his/her profession. The permit or license of any business entity and the accreditation of hospitals, laboratory and clinics may be cancelled or withdrawn if said establishments fail to maintain such safe practices and procedures as may be required by the guidelines to be formulated in compliance with Section 13 of this Act.

ARTICLE III Testing, Screening and Counselling

SEC. 15. Consent as a Requisite for HIV Testing – No compulsory HIV testing shall be allowed. However, the State shall encourage voluntary testing for individuals with a high risk for contracting HIV; Provided, That written informed consent must first be obtained. Such consent shall be obtained from the person concerned if he/she is of legal age or from the parents or legal guardian in the case of a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual. Lawful consent to HIV testing of a donated human body, organ, tissue, or blood shall be considered having been given when:

(a) a person volunteers or freely agrees to donate his/her blood, organ, tissue for transfusion, transplantation or research;
(b) a person has executed a legacy in accordance with Section 3 of Republic Act No. 7170, also known as “Organ Donation Act of 1991”;
(c) a donation is executed in accordance with Section 4 of Republic Act No. 7170.

SEC. 16. Prohibitions on Compulsory HIV Testing – Compulsory HIV testing as a precondition to employment, admission to educational institutions, the exercise of freedom of abode, entry or continued stay in the country, or the right to travel, the provision of medical service or any other kind of service or the continued enjoyment of said undertakings shall be deemed unlawful.

SEC. 17. Exception to the Prohibition on Compulsory Testing – Compulsory HIV testing may be allowed only in the following instances:

(a) When a person is charged with any of the crimes punishable under Articles 264 and 266 as amended by Republic Act No. 8353, 335 and 338 of Republic Act No.3815, otherwise known as the “Revised Penal Code” or under Republic Act No.7659;
(b) When the determination of the HIV status is necessary to resolve relevant issues under Executive Order No. 309, otherwise known as “Family Code of the Philippines”; and
(c) When complying with the provisions of Republic Act No. 7170, otherwise known as the “Organ Donation Act” and Republic Act No. 7719, otherwise known as the “National Blood Services Act”.

SEC. 18. Anonymous HIV Testing – The State shall provide a mechanism for anonymous HIV testing and shall guarantee anonymity and medical confidentiality in the conduct of such tests.

SEC. 19. Accreditation of HIV Testing Centers – All testing centers, hospitals, clinics, and laboratories offering HIV testing services are mandated to seek accreditation from the Department of Health which shall set and maintain reasonable accreditation standards.

SEC. 20. Pre-test and Post-test Counselling – All testing centers, clinics, or laboratories which perform any HIV test shall be required to provide and conduct free pre-test counselling and post-test counselling for persons who avail of their HIV/AIDS testing services. However, such counselling services must be provided only by persons who meet the standards set by the DOH.

SEC. 21. Support for HIV Testing Centers – The Department of Health shall strategically build and enhance the capabilities for HIV testing of hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and other testing centers primarily, by ensuring the training of competent personnel who will provide such services in said testing sites.

ARTICLE IV Health and Support Services

SEC. 22. Hospital-Based Services – Persons with HIV/AIDS shall be afforded basic health services in all government hospitals, without prejudice to optimum medical care which may be provided by special AIDS wards and hospitals.

SEC. 23. Community-Based Services – Local government units, in coordination and in cooperation with concerned government agencies, non-government organizations, persons with HIV/AIDS and groups most at risk of HIV infection shall provide community-based HIV/AIDS prevention and care services.

SEC. 24. Livelihood Programs and Trainings – Trainings for livelihood, self-help cooperative programs shall be made accessible and available to all persons with HIV/AIDS. Persons infected with HIV/AIDS shall not be deprived of full participation in any livelihood self-help and cooperative programs for reason of their health conditions.

SEC. 25. Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases – The Department of Health in coordination and cooperation with other concerned government agencies and non-government organizations shall pursue the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases to help contain the spread of HIV infection.

SEC. 26. Insurance for Persons with HIV – The Secretary of Health, in cooperation with the Commissioner of the Insurance Commission and other public and private insurance agencies, shall conduct a study on the feasibility and viability of setting up a package of insurance benefits and, should such study warrant it, implement an insurance coverage program for persons with HIV. The study shall be guided by the principle that access to health insurance is part of an individual’s right to health and is the responsibility of the State and of society as a whole.

ARTICLE V Monitoring

SEC. 27. Monitoring Programs – A comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring program or “AIDSWATCH” shall be established under the Department of Health to determine and monitor the magnitude and progression of HIV infection In the Philippines, and for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy and efficacy of the countermeasures being employed.

SEC. 28. Reporting Procedures – All hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and testing centers for HIV/AIDS shall adopt measures in assuring the reporting and confidentiality of any medical record, personal data, file, including all data which may be accessed from various data banks or information systems. The Department of Health through its AIDSWATCH monitoring shall receive, collate, evaluate all HIV/AIDS related medical reports. The AIDSWATCH data base shall utilize a coding system that promotes client anonymity.

SEC. 29. Contact Tracing – HIV/AIDS contact tracing and all other related health intelligence activities may be pursued by the Department of Health: Provided, That these do not run counter to the general purpose of this Act: Provided, further, that any gathered information shall remain confidential and classified, and can only be used for statistical and monitoring purposes and not as a basis or qualification for any employment, school attendance, freedom of abode or travel.

ARTICLE VI Confidentiality

SEC. 30. Medical Confidentiality – All health professionals, medical instructors, workers, employers, recruitment agencies, insurance companies, data encoders, and other custodians of any medical record, file, data, or test results are directed to strictly observe confidentiality in the handling of all medical information, particularly the identity and status of persons with HIV.

SEC. 31. Exceptions to the Mandate of Confidentiality – Medical confidentiality shall not be considered breached in the following cases:

(a) when complying with reportorial requirements in conjunction with the AIDSWATCH programs provided in Section 27 of this Act;
(b) when informing other health workers directly involved or about to be involved in the treatment or care of a person with HIV/AIDS: Provided, That such treatment or care carry the risk of HIV transmission: Provided, further, That such workers shall be obliged to maintain the shared medical confidentiality;
(c) when responding to a subpoena duces tecum and subpoena ad testificandum issued by a Court with jurisdiction over a legal proceeding where the main issue is the HIV status of an individual: Provided, That the confidential medical record shall be properly sealed by its lawful custodian after being double-checked for accuracy by the head of the office or department, hand delivered and personally opened by the judge: Provided, further, That the judicial proceedings be held in executive session.

SEC. 32. Release of HIV/AIDS Test Results – All results of HIV/AIDS testing shall be confidential and shall be released only to the following persons:

(a) the person who submitted himself/herself to such a test;
(b) either parent of a minor child who has been tested;
(c) a legal guardian in the case of insane persons or orphans;
(d) a person authorized to receive such results in conjunction with the AIDSWATCH program as provided in Section 27 of this Act;
(e) a justice of the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court, as provided under subsection (c) of this Act and in accordance with the provision of Section 16 hereof.

SEC. 33. Penalties for Violation of Confidentiality – Any violation of medical confidentiality as provided in Sections 30 and Section 32 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment for six (6) months to four (4) years, without prejudice to administrative sanctions such as fines and suspension or revocation of the violator’s license to practice his/her profession, as well as the cancellation or withdrawal of the license to operate any business entity and the accreditation of hospitals, laboratories and clinics.

SEC. 34. Disclosure to Sexual Partners – Any person with HIV is obliged to disclose his/her HIV status and health condition to his/her spouse or sexual partner at the earliest opportune time.

ARTICLE VII Discriminatory Acts and Policies

SEC. 35. Discrimination in the Workplace – Discrimination in any form from pre-employment to post-employment, including hiring, promotion or assignment, based on actual, perceived or suspected HIV status of an individual is prohibited. Termination from work on the sole basis of actual, perceived or suspected HIV status is deemed unlawful.

SEC. 36. Discrimination in Schools – No educational institution shall refuse admission or expel, discipline, segregate, deny participation, benefits or services to a student or a prospective student on the basis of his/her actual, perceived or suspected HIV status.

SEC. 37. Restriction on Travel and Habitation – The freedom of abode, lodging and travel of a person with HIV shall not be abridged. No person shall be quarantined, put in isolation, or refused lawful entry or deported from Philippine territory on account of his/her actual, perceived or suspected HIV status.

SEC. 38. Inhibition from Public Services – The right to seek an elective or appointive public office shall not be denied to a person with HIV.

SEC. 39. Exclusion from Credit and Insurance Services – All credit and loan services, including health, accident and life insurance shall not be denied to a person on the basis of his/her actual, perceived, or suspected HIV status: Provided, That the person with HIV has not concealed or misrepresented the fact to the insurance company upon application. Extension and continuation of credit and loan shall likewise not be denied solely on the basis of said health condition.

SEC. 40. Discrimination in Hospitals and Health Institutions – No person shall be denied health care service or be charged with a higher fee on account of actual, perceived or suspected HIV status.

SEC. 41. Denial of Burial Services – A deceased person who had AIDS or who was known, suspected or perceived to be HIV positive shall not be denied any kind of decent burial services.

SEC. 42. Penalties for Discriminatory Acts and Policies – All discriminatory acts and policies referred to this Act shall be punishable with a penalty of imprisonment for six (6) months to four (4) years and a fine not exceeding Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00). In addition, licenses/permits of schools, hospitals and other institutions found guilty for committing discriminatory acts and policies described in this Act shall be revoked.

ARTICLE VIII The Philippine National AIDS Council

SEC. 43. Establishment – The Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) created by virtue of Executive Order No. 39 dated 3 December 1992 shall be reconstituted and strengthened to enable the Council to oversee an integrated and comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in the Philippines. It shall be attached to the Department of Health.

SEC. 44. Functions – The Council shall be the central advisory, planning and policy making body for the comprehensive and integrated HIV/ AIDS prevention and control program in the Philippines. The Council shall perform the following functions:

(a) Secure from government agencies concerned recommendations on how their respective agencies could operationalize specific provisions of this Act. The Council shall integrate and coordinate such recommendations and issue implementing rules and regulations of this Act. The Council shall likewise ensure that there is adequate coverage of the following:

(1) The institution of a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and education program;
(2) The establishment of a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring system;
(3) The issuance of guidelines on medical practices and other procedures that carry the risk of HIV transmission;
(4) The provision of accessible and affordable HIV testing and counselling services to those who are in need of it;
(5) The provision of acceptable health and support services for persons with HIV/AIDS in hospitals and in communities;
(6) The protection and promotion of the rights of individuals with HIV; and
(7) The strict observance of medical confidentiality.

(b) Monitor the implementation of the rules and regulations of this Act, issue or cause the issuance of orders or make recommendations to the implementing agencies as the Council considers appropriate;
(c) Develop a comprehensive long-term national HIV/AIDS prevention and control program and monitor its implementation;
(d) Coordinate the activities of and strengthen working relationships between government and non-government agencies involved in the campaign against HIV/AIDS;
(e) Coordinate and cooperate with foreign and international organizations regarding data collection, research and treatment modalities concerning HIV/AIDS; and
(f) Evaluate the adequacy of and make recommendations regarding the utilization of national resources for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines.

SEC. 45. Membership and Composition –

(a) The Council shall be composed of twenty-six (26) members as follows:

(1) The Secretary of the Department of Health;
(2) The Secretary of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports or his representative;
(3) The Chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education or his representative;
(4) The Director-General of the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority or his representative;
(5) The Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment or his representative;
(6) The Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development or his representative;
(7) The Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government or his representative;
(8) The Secretary of the Department of Justice or his representative;
(9) The Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority or his representative;
(10) The Secretary of the Department of Tourism or his representative;
(11) The Secretary of the Department of Budget and Management or his representative;
(12) The Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs or his representative;
(13) The Head of the Philippine Information Agency or his representative;
(14) The President of the League of Governors or his representative;
(15) The President of the League of City Mayors or his representative;
(16) The Chairperson of the Committee on Health of the Senate of the Philippines or his representative;
(17) The Chairperson of the Committee on Health of the House of Representatives of the Philippines or his representative;
(18) Two (2) representatives from organizations of medical/health professionals;
(19) Six (6) representatives from non-government organizations involved in HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts or activities; and (20) A representative of an organization of persons dealing with HIV/ AIDS.

(b) To the greatest extent possible, appointment to the Council must ensure sufficient and discernible representation from the fields of medicine, education, health care, law, labor, ethics and social services;
(c) All members of the Council shall be appointed by the President of the Republic of the Philippines, except for the representatives of the Senate and the House of Representatives, who shall be appointed by the Senate President and the House Speaker, respectively;
(d) The members of the Council shall be appointed not later the thirty (30) days after the date of the enactment of this Act;
(e) The Secretary of Health shall be the permanent chairperson of the Council; however, the vice-chairperson shall be elected by its members from among themselves, and shall serve for a term of two (2) years; and
(f) For members representing medical/health professional groups and the six (6) non-government organizations, they shall serve for a term of two
(2) years, renewable upon recommendation of the Council.

SEC. 46. Reports – The Council shall submit to the President and both Houses of Congress comprehensive annual reports on the activities and accomplishments of the Council. Such annual reports shall contain assessments and evaluation of intervention programs, plans and strategies for the medium- and long-term prevention and control program on HIV/AIDS in the Philippines.

SEC. 47. Creation of Special HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Services – There shall be created in the Department of Health a Special HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Service staffed by qualified medial specialists and support staff with permanent appointment and supported with an adequate yearly budget. It shall implement programs on HIV/ AIDS prevention and control. In addition, it shall also serve as the secretariat of the Council.

SEC. 48. Appropriations – The amount of Twenty million pesos (P20,000,000.00) shall be initially appropriated out of the funds of the National Treasury. Subsequent appropriations shall be provided by Congress in the annual budget of the Department of Health under the General Appropriations Act.

ARTICLE IX Miscellaneous Provisions

SEC. 49. Implementing Rules and Regulations – Within six (6) months after it is fully reconstituted, the Council shall formulate and issue the appropriate rules and regulations necessary for the implementation of the Act.

SEC. 50. Separability Clause – If any provision of this Act is declared invalid, the remainder of this Act or any provision not affected thereby shall remain in force and effect.

SEC. 51. Repealing Clause – All laws, presidential decrees, executive orders and their implementing rules inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly. SEC. 52. Effectivity – This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in at least two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.

Approved

(Signed)
JOSE DE VENECIA, JR.
Speaker of the House of Representatives

(Signed)
NEPTALI A. GONZALES
President of the Senate

This Act, which is consolidation of Senate Bill No. 1818 and House Bill No. 10510, was finally passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on February 6, 1998.

(Signed)
ROBERTO P. NAZARENO
Secretary General
House of Representatives

(Signed)
HAZEL P. GACUTAN
Secretary of the Senate

Approved:
FEBRUARY 13, 1998

(Signed)
FIDEL V. RAMOS
President of the Philippines

2014 Bar Examinations Syllabus

2013 BAR EXAMS RESULTS

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2013 Bar Topnotchers

2013 Bar Topnotchers

1. ABAD, Anna Fe L
2. ABAD, Katrina Nessa M
3. ABAD, Philip L
4. ABALOS, Mermalyn Hannah C
5. ABANDO, Laura Jean L
6. ABARENTOS, April Wye M
7. ABELLA, Fritzie D
8. ABENOJA, Hazel Angeline Q
9. ABLAN, Ronie T
10. ABLOG, Maychelle S
11. ABRAGAN, John Bryan S
12. ABRENICA, Reyben B
13. ACAY, Jodea Brendalyn R
14. ACEBU, Carlos D
15. ACEVEDA, Arlene C
16. ACHA, Mae Ann S
17. ADAO, Ma. Alice E
18. ADARNA, Ernest G
19. ADRID, Michael Angelo D
20. ADUNA, Fritzie Jane A
21. ADVINCULA, Paula Elize A
22. AFAGA, Johnber B
23. AGOCOY, Joycie M
24. AGRA, Joel C
25. AGUILA, Erasto Miguel D
26. AGUSTIN, Redentor M
27. ALAMPAY, Beatrice S
28. ALAO, Lemeregin S
29. ALBAN, Norlee C
30. ALBANO, Errol L
31. ALBARECE, Rhona B
32. ALBAÑA, Angeli P
33. ALBERTO, Julianne S
34. ALCALA, Marijo V
35. ALCANTARA, Nequito Alejandro B
36. ALCARAZ, Jesse S
37. ALCORDO, Nikki T
38. ALDANA, Daryl C
39. ALEGADO-REBADULLA, Mary Rose B
40. ALFONSO, Krissel E
41. ALI, Michael Mito-on J
42. ALIH, Abdel Aziz T
43. ALMORA, Aileen T
44. ALONZO, Jason L
45. ALONZO, Randolph F
46. ALTEZ, Czarina May C
47. ALTONAGA, Vedalyn M
48. ALVARADO, Sarita G
49. AMBATALI, Eliezer P
50. AMBRONA, Venus B
51. AMOR, Maria Auxilliadora Libertine C
52. AMPATUAN, Bai Saudia Shahara B
53. ANACAN, Realyn R
54. ANANORIA, Catherine A
55. ANARNA, Alston Kevin A
56. ANBOCHI, Francesco Benzon P
57. ANCHETA, Aster Mae A
58. ANDES, Jay M
59. ANG, Hannah Stephanie Y
60. ANG, Jennelyn Charme M
61. ANG, Nathalie S
62. ANGA-ANGAN, Mary Grace D
63. ANGANGCO, Bernadette Marie G
64. ANGELES, Darwin P
65. ANGELES, Diana Rose M
66. ANGLUBEN, Van Homer M
67. ANTENERO, Vicvie D
68. ANTEOLA, Garizaldy H
69. ANTONIO, Angela A
70. ANTONIO, Laila R
71. ANTONIO, Regatta Marie A
72. APADA, Jemar B
73. APDUA, Arnold A
74. APOSTOL, Kristienne O
75. AQUINO, Lex T
76. AQUINO, Terese Ray Anne O
77. AQUINO, III, Amado P
78. ARAGONES, Christine Marie D
79. ARANAS, David Anthony B
80. ARANETA, Yasmin Therese P
81. ARAVILLA, Jose Felipe P
82. ARAÑA, Roel B
83. ARAÑEZ, Charo P
84. ARCE, IV, Marcelino C
85. ARDINA, Sheena Lorraine O
86. ARELLANO, Zoraida P
87. ARENAS, Dianne Katrine S
88. ARNESTO, Cyril G
89. ARRIOLA, Ethel Joy F
90. ASONG, J.p. Leo F
91. ASTURIAS, Jose Manuel V
92. ASUNCION, Archie Edsel C
93. ATIENZA, Leandro Rodel V
94. ATILANO, Patrick Jason P
95. ATIS, Jainito-roi C
96. AURE, Lelila G
97. AUSTRIA, Ramil G
98. AVELINO, Ma. Vanni Fe C
99. AVESTRUZ, Kirk D
100. AXALAN, Mikko Angela C
101. AYCO, Karina Kirstie Paola R
102. AZIS, Anisah C
103. BACAL, Christie Joy G
104. BACANGAN, Almary A
105. BACOMO, Devie J
106. BADI, Carla Mae E
107. BADILLES, Cielo Maris S
108. BAGA, Noel M
109. BAGO, Horace J
110. BAGUISI, Alain B
111. BAHJIN, Tishreen I
112. BAJAO, Hannahbee Grace R
113. BALA, Carlo D
114. BALAHADIA, Jesa Anne Carla E
115. BALAMBAN, Keith Wally Y
116. BALANI, Roshni V
117. BALAO, Bernadette Faustine C
118. BALAQUIAO, Eleanor N
119. BALBOA, Jasper C
120. BALDOS, Jennifer C
121. BALIAT, Aurea Belen P
122. BALICOCO, Waynie Mae P
123. BALIGOD, Maria Nadine Concepcion V
124. BALINO, Kristy Jane M
125. BALLEBER, JR., Alfredo L
126. BALTERO, Kenneth Brian D
127. BANZON, Mark Lawrence V
128. BANZUELA, Analyn F
129. BAQUIRAN-LASAM, Czaren L
130. BARAOIDAN, Kimberly Joy L
131. BARATA, Edmund N
132. BARBA, Diana Gay T
133. BARRIENTOS, Carlo Gerard DC
134. BARRIENTOS, Michael Oliver P
135. BARTOLOME, Jemimah Estelle T
136. BARUC, Ace Daryl D
137. BASCO, Shayne Anne R
138. BASCON, Dexter George P
139. BASCUÑA, Ross Raphael T
140. BATALLA, Christian Jesse G
141. BATIMANA, Joanness S
142. BATTAD, Geoanne Christi D
143. BAUL, Magher S
144. BAUTISTA, Alvin A
145. BAUTISTA, Jonathan Allen S
146. BAUTISTA, Manilyn R
147. BAUTISTA, Maria Francesca V
148. BAUTISTA, Vera Marie H
149. BAYALAN, Alfierri E
150. BAYAN, Nerissa Q
151. BAYANI, Madeleine F
152. BAYNOSA, Freddie Ii H
153. BEADO, JR., Antonio B
154. BEDAR, Hanifah D
155. BEJAR, Kristel Ann-marie A
156. BELDEROL, Katleya Kate M
157. BELEN, Genevieve D
158. BELLO, Maria Remedios L
159. BELLOSILLO, Nikki Magdalene A
160. BELTRAN, Richard Henrick I
161. BENTREZ-BANCILO, Joshelle Ruth C
162. BERGONIA, Sherly Ann R
163. BERNABE, Jebert Benedict J
164. BERNARDINO, Antonio Jose P
165. BERNARDINO, Crisela L
166. BISANG, Juliett Isabel P
167. BLACK, Dominique Deborah D
168. BLASCO, Leana Mae M
169. BLEZA, Maria Keala Mae M
170. BOISER, Marisol M
171. BOJA, Marilda J
172. BOLANDO, Reagan A
173. BOLANIO, Jesrel E
174. BOLIVAR, Joy B
175. BOLLER, Jian Paulo P
176. BOLOS, Marie Nickie H
177. BONILLA, JR., Wilfredo T
178. BONO, Camille E
179. BONOAN, April Jade A
180. BORIGAS, Mickel M
181. BORRACHO, Merachelle R
182. BORRES, Kristoffer Alexis N
183. BRAÑA, Arleigh Joyce A
184. BRILLANTES, Francis James G
185. BRIONES, Jan Derric P
186. BUADO, Maria Edsie V
187. BUCOY, Julio Cristo PG
188. BUENAVENTURA, Kenneth A
189. BUGTAS, Chika E
190. BULIYAT-BENCIO, Celeste Roxanne
191. BUNAG, Jan Nicklaus S
192. BUNANIG-ODON, Kathryn Joy I
193. BUSANGILAN, Mira Ciele S
194. BUSTAMANTE, Blesie May P
195. CABAHUG, Christian Marko D
196. CABALUNA, Sedfrey L
197. CABANILLA, Ana Flouressa Y
198. CABATU, JR., Rodolfo S
199. CABRAL, Arthur Jake E
200. CABUNGCAL, Ana Pamela G
201. CABURNAY, Arjane V
202. CADAG, Ma. Carmen A
203. CAGAMPAN, Joyce Anne O
204. CAINDAY, Kathlyn Jane B
205. CALABOCAL, Erickson L
206. CALDERON, Alex D
207. CALDERON, Francesca Isabelle G
208. CALDERON, Ma. Sherlyn D
209. CALIMBAS, Monica D
210. CAMARILLO, Robert August C
211. CANAPI, Cheryl P
212. CANCINO, Krisyl M
213. CANTO, Frances Ianna S
214. CANTOS, Cathrine P
215. CAPACIO, Jane Angel V
216. CAPACIO-LIRIO, Denise Fe R
217. CAPILI, Van Joseph F
218. CAPIRAL, Joshua Paul C
219. CAPUNGCOL, Edelyn L
220. CAPUNO, Maria Evangeline B
221. CARBONELL, Wilfred M
222. CARCEDO, Harvey L
223. CARDENAS, Mark Lester D
224. CARPIO, Peter Lloyd D
225. CARPIO, Phillip Nelson F
226. CARRASCO, Margeline T
227. CASARES, Madonna Lyn E
228. CASAS, Neil Jason T
229. CASIMIRO, Gizela Grace D
230. CASIMIRO, Lara Mae D
231. CASIPIT, Marq Jonathan C
232. CASIPONG, Alfred S
233. CASPE, Lourdes Anifel B
234. CASTAÑEDA, Harmon V
235. CASTAÑEDA, Kimberly L
236. CASTILLO, Cherry Mae M
237. CASTILLO, David Anastacio G
238. CASTILLO, Jether Jireh A
239. CASTILLO, Norberto V
240. CASTILLO, JR., Cenon C
241. CASTILLON, David F
242. CASTOLO, Camille Maria L
243. CASTRO, Alexandra C
244. CASTRO, Jose Julius R
245. CASTRO, Josefa Gertrudis D
246. CASTRO, Patricia Marie Frances D
247. CATABONA, Mark Arthur M
248. CAYETANO, Jeanelyn D
249. CAYETANO, Karen R
250. CAYETANO-ABDUHALIM, Revelyn C
251. CAÑAZARES-MINDALANO, Annabelle B
252. CAÑETE, Charnem B
253. CEBRIAN, Kristian Oliver P
254. CELDRAN, Leo Mario C
255. CELESTINO, Mark Brian R
256. CEREZO, Arianne Y
257. CERVANIA, Krystle K
258. CHATTO, II, Efren Dominique M
259. CHAVEZ, Anna Fatima R
260. CHAVEZ, Margarita Luisa F
261. CHIL-ANG, Marichu C
262. CHING, Cherry Christine S
263. CHIO, Judy-mae G
264. CHIONG, Kester Orville T
265. CHUA, Antonio Francis G
266. CHUA, Christine Jean O
267. CHUA, Jingle L
268. CHUA, Jordan Mae T
269. CIMAGALA, Alexis N
270. COLES, Nat King C
271. COLOBONG, Moises Ronette C
272. COLOMA, John Patrick S
273. COMPUESTO, Jiselle B
274. COMSTI, Gianna Maria C
275. CONCHA, Kathleen Kaye G
276. CONCHA, Kristoffer Francis Jacob C
277. CONDEZA, Ernel C
278. CONGSON, Blessy Marie Angela C
279. CONTI, Maria Kristina C
280. CORALDE, Maria Aimer A
281. COROLLO, Graziella D
282. CORONACION, Maricel C
283. CORONEL, Jerome I
284. CORPUZ, Habeas M
285. CORPUZ, Mercy C
286. CORTEZ, Ailyn L
287. CORTINA, Anezka Danett G
288. CORTON, Gerald Peter P
289. CORUÑA, II, Isagani C
290. CRESPO, Joseph Kahlil P
291. CRISOLOGO, Frederick William D
292. CRISOLOGO, Nico Carlo M
293. CRUZ, Dan Joseph T
294. CRUZ, Dandy L
295. CRUZ, Esther Rhoda S
296. CRUZ, Michael Joseph D
297. CRUZ, II, Benjamin Jeremias B
298. CRUZ-CAÑETE, Jill Cindy L
299. CU, Roxanne F
300. CUE, Katrina Ayn Ayza F
301. CUREG, Ryan P
302. CUSI, Erika Estel G
303. CUSTODIO, James Corwin S
304. DABA, Robert James T
305. DABALOS, Nerissa Ann P
306. DABAO, JR., Philip Gerard P
307. DACULUG, Roque D
308. DADIVAS, Christine P
309. DADULLA, JR., Ramon J
310. DAGALANGIT, Rahabansa L
311. DAMASCO, Fidela S
312. DAMASING, Glenn D
313. DASAYON, Climark D
314. DAVID, Kristin Kay S
315. DAVID, Manuel Jeffrey N
316. DAVID, Patricia S
317. DE CASTRO, Diana Jean C
318. DE GUZMAN, Elaine P
319. DE GUZMAN, Francis Ron C
320. DE GUZMAN, Gabriel Paolo L
321. DE GUZMAN, Jhoanna Mariekar V
322. DE JESUS, Gianna Corrine D
323. DE JESUS, Joeben T
324. DE JESUS, Joseph Georg Michael D
325. DE LA CRUZ, Clarisse Ann Marie M
326. DE LA CRUZ, Maria Cecilia A
327. DE LA CRUZ, Rosella Jan G
328. DE LA PAZ, Lauren Anne M
329. DE LEON, Jose Miguel B
330. DE LOS SANTOS, Dave Bernar L
331. DE MESA, Jena Christine E
332. DE PAZ, Marvin Lester N
333. DE RIVERA, Kristienne Kamille E
334. DE TORRES, Marcella Alita D
335. DE VERA, Elaine L
336. DE VERA, Ina Beatriz R
337. DE VILLA, Macario M
338. DE ZUZUARREGUI, Anthony R
339. DECLARO, Ruth Agnes D
340. DEDALA, Francis Ysmael M
341. DEJARESCO, Antonio Marlon Eric I
342. DEL ROSARIO, Dan Mitchel C
343. DEL ROSARIO, Jaime P
344. DEL ROSARIO, Margarita Isidora S
345. DEL ROSARIO, Maureen Grace J
346. DELA CRUZ, Alexis Ian P
347. DELA CRUZ, Catherine G
348. DELA CRUZ, Keefe Eldrik A
349. DELA CRUZ, Marie Angeli V
350. DELA CRUZ, Maureen G
351. DELA PASION, John Paul A
352. DELA ROSA, Catherine D
353. DELA TORRE, Ivy Lou S
354. DELEÑA, Ma. Blesilda B
355. DELIMA, Josie W
356. DELIS, Ma. Phoebe G
357. DELORINO, Rene A
358. DELOS REYES, Roxanne Katrin M
359. DELOS SANTOS, Sherwin R
360. DENATE, Martin Crisostomo Q
361. DIASANTA, Mel Jun A
362. DIAZ, Magelli Anne DL
363. DIAZ, Rona April D
364. DICHOSO, Joseph M
365. DINIAY, JR., Dionisio C
366. DINOY, Keel Achernar R
367. DIOQUINO, Arwin F
368. DIWAS, Kristofferson D
369. DIWAS, Rhenan G
370. DIÑOZO, Ramona R
371. DOCTOR, Erwin Jake C
372. DOCTOR, Maan Vanessa L
373. DOMINGO, James Cristopher D
374. DOMINGO, Miguel B
375. DONSOL, Ma. Carolina P
376. DOROTAN, Maria Gabriela C
377. DOYAOEN, Annette L
378. DUEÑAS, Joan Roshen M
379. DULAWAN, Vivian M
380. DULNUAN, Ruby Anne L
381. DUMAGAN, Menchie V
382. DUMALAG-BORONG, Jennife DP
383. DUMLAO, Rhondee E
384. DUQUE, Bernice Michelle N
385. DUROPAN, Ramie Felmon P
386. DY, Diana C
387. DY, Eli Daryl S
388. EBREO, Alvin H
389. ECHAUS, Adrian Jude G
390. EDRADA, Andrew Ian P
391. ELEAZAR, Jonna Lou A
392. ELMAN, Jenika H
393. EMBAY, Christine Grace P
394. EMPALMADO-LIMBARO, Gwendolyn R
395. ENAD, Ann Marie M
396. ENAD, Wendel M
397. ENARIO-VIDALLON, Vivian C
398. ENRILE, II, William R
399. ENRIQUEZ, Rowena S
400. ENTERINA, Ian M
401. ESCOLANO, Richard Dale V
402. ESCOTO, Sharon R
403. ESCUETA, Hana Kamille A
404. ESPANILLO, JR., Domingo M
405. ESPENILLA, Mark Anthony G
406. ESPERAS, Erika Mariz V
407. ESPINA, Hazel D
408. ESPINO, Donato V
409. ESPINO, Ric James G
410. ESTACIO, Zachary J
411. ESTEMBER, Philip Louie H
412. ESTERNON, Karen Jenny E
413. ESTOPERES, Mary Antonette A
414. ESTRELLA, Maricor D
415. EUGENIO, Rodelyn Gay G
416. EUROPA, Rose Celine R
417. EVANGELISTA, Jose Paolo M
418. EXIOMO, Jeffrey P
419. EXTRA, Sheyna Marie M
420. EZPELETA, Candy U
421. FABELLA, Joanne Marie C
422. FABRIGAS, Delfin, Jr. S
423. FABRO, Howard B
424. FAJARDO, Diana S
425. FAJARDO-ONG, Alma D
426. FANTILANAN, Jahziel P
427. FELONGCO, Emerson J
428. FERAREN, Fermin Maylene B
429. FERMIN, Doreen Grace R
430. FERNANDEZ, Angelica P
431. FERNANDEZ, Catherine M
432. FERNANDEZ, Charity T
433. FERNANDEZ, Trisha Isabelle F
434. FERNANDO, Francis Paul N
435. FERNANDO, Ronald Thomas L
436. FERONEL, Leonardo A
437. FERRER, Luzell Z
438. FLORES, Michael Angelo V
439. FONACIER, Karla Flor D
440. FORTEA, Natassia L
441. FOSTER, Analiza G
442. FOSTER, Kimberly D
443. FRANCISCO, Justin James D
444. FRINAL, Nelyn B
445. FULGUERAS, Joel E
446. FULGUERAS, Marjorie Ivory S
447. FUMERA, Robert G
448. GABALDA, Rusella G
449. GABUNAS, Divine Grace B
450. GABUYA, Ryan R
451. GACUTAN, Michael Aaron P
452. GALA, Steven Michael D
453. GALAGALA, Kim P
454. GALIMBA, Jordan R
455. GALING-LUNA, Moera Joy N
456. GAMBOA, Avril Elaine U
457. GAMBOA-CASTRO, Cherry Grace Z
458. GAMIAO, Leo Anthony M
459. GAMONNAC, Abigail D
460. GANDO, Ace Arvin V
461. GANIR, Leigh Angelie A
462. GARAY, Stephanie G
463. GARCIA, Carlos P
464. GARCIA, Charlene Lorena D
465. GARCIA, Jasyrr J
466. GARCIA, Jemimah Grace N
467. GARCIA, Maria Ara H
468. GARCIA, Marvin P
469. GARCIA, Zharmai C
470. GARCIA-DELA CRUZ, Anna Katrina L
471. GARCIANO, Maria Corazon D
472. GARDE, John Edmar G
473. GASATAYA, Jorelyne L
474. GASPAR, Ma. Teresita J
475. GATUS, Maria Roldeliza L
476. GAVINO, Jeriel T
477. GAVINO, Romir David B
478. GAVIOLA, Alan Byrne S
479. GAYAGAY, Michelle B
480. GAYDA, Philip Jason G
481. GENERAL, Smith P
482. GENESELA, Jozzyl T
483. GERONIMO, Armida A
484. GESMUNDO, Franchesca Abigail C
485. GESTOPA, Gevina V
486. GILDO, Casilda P
487. GO, Dennis O
488. GO, Faith P
489. GO, Jan Claude Patrick P
490. GO, III, Joseph M
491. GOLONG, Kenneth M
492. GOMEZ, Jhoann D
493. GOMEZ, Ma. Eliza Christine C
494. GONZAGA, Maria Jonika Y
495. GONZALES, Andrea Monica V
496. GOTOHIO, Stanley L
497. GRAN, Majken Anika S
498. GRAPILON, Raul S
499. GUERRERO, Mia Rustiel M
500. GUEVARA, Juliet Marie M
501. GUEVARRA, Joan Carla V
502. GUIAO, Abraham P
503. GUIDORIAGAO, Erma Marie R
504. GUILING-MATANOG, Ayesha Hania B
505. GUILLEN, Angelo Karlo T
506. GUNAY, Fredelyn S
507. GUTIERREZ, Emmanuel B
508. GUTIERREZ, Myron Dei A
509. GUZMAN, Angela Y
510. HABACON, George Matthew T
511. HADUCA, Marvin Edgar R
512. HAJIM, Al-zhoheir H
513. HALILI, Ma. Fe M
514. HAN, Stefano Dong Chul C
515. HANS, Jaimmie C
516. HERNAL, Gian Carla V
517. HERNANDEZ, Christopher M
518. HIDALGO, Phoebe Corazon C
519. HIDLAO, Hadji Hrothgar O
520. HIPOLITO, JR., Cesar B
521. HONORARIO, Christopher B
522. HUMIWAT, Gemale P
523. ICASIANO, Charles David A
524. ILAGAN, Cindy A
525. ILAGAN, Roju Sandino A
526. IMMOLIAP, Kendall Pung-ao T
527. IMPERIAL, Nd P
528. INOT, Leofel F
529. INOTURAN, Sophia P
530. INTONG, Iris Joy Consolasion C
531. IPIO, Raymund L
532. ISLES, Vincent S
533. ITO, Anwar M
534. JACINTO, Markova I
535. JACOB, Vanessa D
536. JACOSALEM, Jot P
537. JAMACA-UNO, Jedyl E
538. JAMORA, Raymond Francis Maria C
539. JANGAD, Nowyn-hope A
540. JASARENO, Ramil F
541. JAVIER, Jonathan A
542. JIMENO, JR., Cecilio M
543. JO, Jonathan C
544. JOCSON, Jenefer G
545. JONTILA, Jansen I
546. JOSE, Jefferson D
547. JUADA, Kristine Anne P
548. JUICO, A. Rafael C
549. JULIAN, Clarissa Anne Q
550. JULKIPLI, Mohammad Al-amin M
551. JUMALON, James A
552. JUNASA, Djoanivie Jomare A
553. JUNIO, Isabela Rose Jane B
554. JUNIO, Mary Joy P
555. JURADO, III, Cicero D
556. KAW, Alison Katrina Georgina T
557. KEH, Katherine C
558. KEMPIS, Kenneth M
559. KHAN, Donelle T
560. KHO, Sophia M
561. KHOLOMA, Sharon P
562. KING, Jeremy P
563. KING, Karl Edward C
564. KINTANAR, Krisza Joy P
565. KWOK, Maris Donna G
566. LABAJOSA, Michael John B
567. LACSON, Audrey Violet A
568. LACUNA, Marionne Rosabell R
569. LADEZA, Roel John M
570. LAGARDE, Mikaela Francine D
571. LAGASCA, Marianne Franchesca Therese S
572. LAIÑO, Arfil Joy G
573. LALIA, Yashneira A
574. LAMAC, Rodwil L
575. LAMAN, Ralph James G
576. LAMBINO-MALIMBAN, Kaye Coleen D
577. LAMBOSO, Ilda Marie E
578. LAMIGO, Kahlil L
579. LAMPA, Tristan D
580. LAMUG, Jackie Lou D
581. LANETE, Jesi Howard S
582. LAPERAL, Fatima P
583. LAPEÑA, Rheina B
584. LAPINIG, Jade A
585. LAPITAN, Erwin E
586. LASAM, Norman Clarence T
587. LATORRE, Charlaine E
588. LAUANG, Edzon Cristian C
589. LAUDENCIA, Karla Mae R
590. LAUREL, Michaela Victoria L
591. LAURON, Diana Margaret C
592. LAURON, Salud Beberly F
593. LAVA, Mari Joie C
594. LAVADIA, Eric Benjamin D
595. LAVADIA, Michael John T
596. LAYNO, Ian Abelle P
597. LAYSON, Gian Carlo R
598. LAZA, Bernadette B
599. LAZO, Leo Albert A
600. LEAÑO, Roniel V
601. LEDDA, III, Jose C
602. LEE, Anna Olivia S
603. LEE, Jassen Ralph A
604. LEE, Jude Z
605. LEE, Lara Camille A
606. LEGASPI, Ma. Theresa A
607. LEGASPI, Portia Fidelis C
608. LENDIO, Nathaniel V
609. LEONADOR, Rowel Jake L
610. LEYBAG, Jason C
611. LEYES, Hanna M
612. LIM, Frances Dyan T
613. LIM, Jan Alexander E
614. LIM, Jane Kathyrine B
615. LIM, Maridez C
616. LIM, Rahlee Jane B
617. LIM, JR., Angel A
618. LIMCOLIOC, Louie Mark R
619. LINGBAWAN, Baby Jacklyn D
620. LINOG, Hannah Khiarra C
621. LIPAT, Irene Ann Y
622. LIQUIGAN, Christoffer Allan A
623. LISBO, Eric A
624. LIWANAG, Fem Christine M
625. LLOREN, Warren Marc P
626. LO, Justine Andrew C
627. LONGAYAN-TABILIN, Maricar T
628. LONGNO, Christine N
629. LONTOC, Mary Catherine B
630. LOON, Jose Martin A
631. LOOT, Jemirose R
632. LOPEZ, Gene Edward DC
633. LOPEZ, Nelson D
634. LOPEZ, Niño Jubilee S
635. LORENZO, Norman N
636. LORETCHA, Jane B
637. LORICO, Jennilene V
638. LORICO, Michael Joseph J
639. LOYOLA, Emmanuel D
640. LOYOLA, Joseph Nelson Q
641. LOYOLA, Maria Daisy M
642. LOZADA, Stefanie Noelle A
643. LUCENARIO, Marien Kathrine A
644. LUCERO, Ian Kenneth B
645. LUCERO, Lucie Antonette D
646. LUGTU, Juliben L
647. LUMANGLAS, Crisalyn B
648. LUMANTA, Jan Louenn L
649. LUNA, Ginber M
650. MAAMO, Anthony L
651. MABBUN, Ma. Antonette M
652. MABINI, Cyra M
653. MACAINDIG, Datumama M
654. MACALINO, Ralph Vincent S
655. MACAPAGAL, Ryann S
656. MACAPAGAL, Stephanie Luzette M
657. MACARAEG, Tyrus Joshua M
658. MACARAMBON, Muhammad Ali M
659. MACATANGAY, Sherleen Lourds R
660. MACLA, Jamail Lunar G
661. MADRIÑAN, John Andrew M
662. MAGABILEN, Darlene Marie S
663. MAGNO-GUYGUYON, Candice K
664. MAGRATA, Marielle M
665. MAGSAMBOL, Iderlyn P
666. MALABANAN, Arianne C
667. MALABANAN, Marie Krizel P
668. MALABANAN, JR., Arnaldo C
669. MALAMUG, Jerry Anton Paolo U
670. MALVAR, Michael Andrew G
671. MAMARIL, Charise P
672. MAMENTA, Maricris R
673. MANA-AY, Grace N
674. MANANGKIL, Jill B
675. MANDOCDOC, Dan Kevin C
676. MANGABAN, Ma. Lourena M
677. MANGAHAS, Gabrielle Ruth D
678. MANGCO, Carlos Joseph Frederick
679. MANGUBAT, Christian Paul N
680. MANIGBAS, Anne Maureen B
681. MANIQUIS, Katrina G
682. MANLANGIT, Donna Patricia C
683. MANLICLIC, Eleni Francesca G
684. MANOTOC, Ferdinand Richard Michael M
685. MANUBAG, Reman V
686. MANUEL, Leylann Generoso R
687. MANUEL, Melvin L
688. MANZANARES, JR., William P
689. MANZANO, Katrina Ross P
690. MAPUTI, Julius Art P
691. MARALIT, Catherine Angela V
692. MARANGIT, Zarith Sofiah G
693. MARANTE, IV, Hermenegildo P
694. MARCAIDA, Ramon Carlo F
695. MARGALLO, Ralph Lawrence M
696. MARI, Marjorie H
697. MARISTELA, Marvyn L
698. MARISTELA, Melissa Fina U
699. MARIÑO, Yehushelline Joy L
700. MARQUEZ, Fellain Ann P
701. MARQUEZ, Jadelee I
702. MARTINEZ, Rodulfo Jose R
703. MARTINEZ, Theena C
704. MASACAYAN, Earl Louie M
705. MASCENON, JR., Ernesto Mario S
706. MATEO, Armi Liza M
707. MAUHAY, Mary Giselle R
708. MAURO, Claire Marie B
709. MAÑO, Chris Jark Ace M
710. MEDALLE, Irma Mari P
711. MELCHOR, Bettina R
712. MENCIAS, Rowena Mae N
713. MENDEZ, Ivan Viktor N
714. MENDIGUARIN, Eman Michael M
715. MENDIGUARIN, Genevieve S
716. MENDOZA, Allan Duane A
717. MENDOZA, Anna Loraine M
718. MENDOZA, Beverly I
719. MENDOZA, Mara Khrisna Charmina F
720. MENDOZA, Miguel Antonio L
721. MENDOZA-OBUMANI, Jesme Donna R
722. MERCADO, Noel Patrick Y
723. MERCADO-GEPHART, Tercel Maria G
724. MERCENE, Annaliza P
725. MERCURIO, Walesa J
726. MIEL, Allan Arnel D
727. MIGUEL, John Evan C
728. MIJARES, Kristine P
729. MILAOR, Rose Andrea V
730. MILLAN, Princess Mae A
731. MILLARE, Loreta Fairie Ann R
732. MINGUEZ, Al Jason V
733. MIRAL, Mercy Joy R
734. MISLANG, JR., Armando F
735. MISOLA, Vanessa Y
736. MIÑOZA, Ma. Golda Gigi G
737. MO, Sophia C
738. MOLO, Jade Paulo T
739. MONJE, Monna Lissa C
740. MONOTEN, Edgar S
741. MONTESCO, Aldrin R
742. MOPIA, Eden Catherine B
743. MORADA, Julienne Marie A
744. MORATO, April Rose N
745. MORAÑA, Hansel P
746. MOSQUITE, Michael M
747. MOSTOLES, Sherwin T
748. MOYA, Ann Faustine T
749. MUARIP, Myra C
750. MUNDIN, Maria Cristina T
751. MUÑOZ, Roniel D
752. NABONG, Rose Vida D
753. NACINO, Racquel H
754. NACIONAL, II, Rene Q
755. NACUA, Bernadine R
756. NADAL, Janice G
757. NAGA, John Henry D
758. NALLIW, Joan Sheelah O
759. NARVAEZ, Stephanie Marie L
760. NAVA, Anna Rose M
761. NAVARRA, Ellie Chris C
762. NAVARRA, Janelle Aquilina Marie
763. NEBRIDA, Rosario Joy F
764. NELLAS, JR., Alberto P
765. NEPOMUCENO, Juan Paolo M
766. NERY, Anna Suzanne C
767. NG, Cyris Ann A
768. NGO, Mary Grace M
769. NGOSLAB, Donna K
770. NIETO, Paolo D
771. NILLAMA, Kirwen B
772. NILLAMA, Mae Grace June C
773. NOLASCO, Raizulli M
774. NOMBRADO, Israel C
775. NUDALO, Grace A
776. NUEZ, Miguel Lorenzo Y
777. NUQUE, Reymond G
778. NUÑEZ, Samantha Louise J
779. OAMINAL, Althea Isobel F
780. OBBUS, Fe V
781. OBNIMAGA-MIRAL, Maria Janel S
782. OCAMPO, Josephine Gabrielle Melissa L
783. OCANA, III, Norman Roland E
784. OFO-OB, Seichi E
785. OLANDESCA, Gabriel Guy P
786. OLFINDO, Ryan Paul N
787. OLIVA, Ma. Richelle Q
788. OLIVA, Regal M
789. OLVIDA, Mark Anthony C
790. ONG, Mark Stephen K
791. ONG, Matthew Aaron D
792. ORESTE, Mary B
793. ORTEA, Rudy V
794. ORTEGA, Marvin G
795. ORTILE, Neil G
796. OSMEÑA, Ruhjen S
797. OVIEDO, Jose O
798. OXALES, Glenda G
799. OYALES, Mark Xavier D
800. PAAT, Erwin A
801. PABLICO, Christopher Jhundi D
802. PABLO-NEPOMUCENO, Czarina J
803. PACABIS, Ryan T
804. PACHECO, Aira P
805. PAGALA, Rosemarie D
806. PAGDONSOLAN, O’jay A
807. PAGUICAN, Joshua D
808. PAGULAYAN, JR., Alipio C
809. PALAY, Mabelle Grace A
810. PALLUGNA, Gregorio Miguel H
811. PALMA, Andrew M
812. PALMA, Maria Racquel Carmeli T
813. PALMARES, Louie Mae P
814. PALOMAR, Annabelle Therese G
815. PALPAGAN, Marc Ivan D
816. PAMBID, Karlon V
817. PANDAN, Ramon Antonio D
818. PANGAN, Nielson G
819. PANGANIBAN, Haydee Gretchen G
820. PANGANIBAN, Rodelyn L
821. PANGHULAN, Gerwin A
822. PANIAGUA, Carlo James C
823. PANLILIO, Victor Christopher B
824. PANONG, Hazel Joy P
825. PANTALEON, Sencia L
826. PANUGALING, Rey Cris A
827. PARADO, Mariel Jances Nhayin D
828. PARAS, Mary Kristine Joy S
829. PARAS, Rex L
830. PARAÑAL, Jonah Paul G
831. PARCIA, Teresa Rose D
832. PARCO, John Joseph S
833. PARLADE, Lalaine Mae C
834. PASCUA, Marie Antoinette V
835. PASCUA, Ruby Anne B
836. PASCUA, Suzanne G
837. PASCUAL, Jim S
838. PASCUAL-BELLO, Cristine E
839. PASIA, Mon Cristopher B
840. PASQUIL, Cria Marie L
841. PATAGAN, Gerille Hope E
842. PATALINGHUG, Eligene B
843. PAUMAR, Alberto S
844. PE, Laurie A
845. PE, Lorene A
846. PE BENITO, Armi Christie C
847. PEDRO, Kirk Mathew R
848. PELAYO, Jannefer Jannice G
849. PENDATUN, Sittie Amirah K
850. PENDATUN, JR., Datu Nasser A
851. PERALTA, Anna Margarita C
852. PERALTA, Eric Paul D
853. PERALTA, Lorena R
854. PERDIGUERRA, Toni Marie L
855. PEREGRINA, Johann Chairo E
856. PEREZ, Dikko Jay C
857. PESISANO, Wincerbogne L
858. PEÑA, Irwin L
859. PEÑARANDA, Jon Dominic P
860. PFLEIDER, JR., Rodolfo D
861. PICHAY, Olivia Emmanuelle A
862. PICO, Nathan Michael O
863. PIELAGO, Juan Carlo O
864. PILAPIL, Julius P
865. PILOTON, Edison R
866. PINEDA, Edelise D
867. PINLAC, Sergio Ildefonso Felipe O
868. PINOON, Lorevill S
869. POMOY, Rashel Ann C
870. PORQUEZ, Jonalyn G
871. PORTUGALIZA, Michel B
872. PRECIOSO, Dexter B
873. PRINCIPE, Ruskin G
874. PUA, JR., Greg G
875. PULIDO, Karina N
876. PULIDO, Paula Editha I
877. PULTA, Ma. Victoria B
878. QUE, Kathrina Sheena Marie L
879. QUEBEC, Aldrin Jude M
880. QUERIJERO, Elizabeth Anne M
881. QUEROBINES, Rowel A
882. QUIBRAL, Regie Matet C
883. QUILANG-SALVIEJO, Marites M
884. QUINTO, Jacqueline Ann R
885. RABAGO-AGUSTIN, Fairy Faith B
886. RABAJANTE, Maria Diory F
887. RABAYA, Gerwin Ryan L
888. RABE, Cheryl Grace M
889. RABENA, Gerald F
890. RABONZA, Maria Christina C
891. RADA, Mayeth C
892. RAMIRO, Roberto Miguel D
893. RAMOS, Renee Camille V
894. RAMOS, Rizal Disraeli S
895. RAMOS, Vince Paolo L
896. RAYCO, Georgeanna Rainbow S
897. RAYMUNDO, Joshua S
898. RAYPON, Ma. Althea Rholene J
899. RAZON, Zenaida R
900. RAÑA, Rhone A
901. RAÑOLA, Mary Ann I
902. REAS, Ma. Ruby Ann P
903. REBAÑO, Ma. Patricia F
904. RECIO, Gelina Rose E
905. REDOBLE, Rogelio Benjamin J
906. REGIS, Jasmin Mei C
907. RELUCIO, Rendl James C
908. REMIGIO, Francis Jay E
909. RENALES-LUCERO, Antoniette Maria S
910. RENES, Jan Richard A
911. REVITA, Mariza I
912. REYES, Ana Francessca A
913. REYES, Harly Jayson U
914. REYES, Ma. Christina S
915. REYES, Marie Kristine F
916. REYES, Peter Gian-marc R
917. REYES, Pierre Martin D
918. REYES, Rafaella Carmela P
919. REYES, Raymond C
920. REYES, Romel O
921. REYES, Tristan A
922. REYES, JR., Tito L
923. REYES-VEGA, Patricia B
924. RIGAT, Rose Ann B
925. RIGETS, Robert Edward G
926. RILE, Mary Jane G
927. RILLERA, Christinne Marie A
928. RIVERA, Katrina N
929. RIVERA, Neil Allan D
930. RIVERA, Phillip Raymund S
931. ROBLEDO, JR., Michael A
932. ROBLES, Jannica G
933. ROBLES, Joanna Marie G
934. RODAS, Vincent Abril U
935. RODEL, Salvador S
936. RODRIGUEZ, Anna Katarina B
937. ROJAS, Raisia Mae DV
938. ROLDAN, Joyce Anne C
939. ROLDAN-ADVINCULA, Michelle D
940. ROMAGOS, Lois S
941. ROMAN, Martin Kristoffer F
942. ROMERO, Faith B
943. ROMERO, Marigold D
944. ROPLOC, Salvador F
945. ROSAL, Maria Karla Soleil F
946. ROSALEJOS, Chyrs Anne M
947. ROSALES, Christine Heide A
948. ROSALES, Mary Grace Anne S
949. ROSARIO, Glenys M
950. ROSITO, Rommel R
951. ROXAS, Idesa L
952. RUBIN, Ronald Patrick T
953. RUBINOS, Ronajoy G
954. RUBIO, Mark P
955. RUBLICO, Jan Edgar J
956. RUIZ, Theresa C
957. RUIZO, Liway Czarina S
958. RUIZOL, Mari Joyce R
959. RUZ, Jan Edmond Y
960. SABIO, Rodolfo Apolonio R
961. SACDALAN, Strella Marie G
962. SACRAMENTO, Anne Jaycelle C
963. SACULLES, Myraflor G
964. SADSAD, Kathrina Mishael C
965. SAGARINO, Irvin Z
966. SAGARINO, Rodelynn Rajini A
967. SAGUID, Roel S
968. SALENGA, Jerico D
969. SALOMON, Mark Rossel D
970. SALUNGKIT, Jhunar I
971. SALVADOR, Farina R
972. SALVADOR, Julie Ann C
973. SALVADOR, Lea Diana B
974. SALVATIERRA, Mary Rose B
975. SAMPANG, Canhermi O
976. SAMSON, Dhan Morris M
977. SAMSON, Samantha B
978. SAN JOSE, Warren D
979. SANCHEZ, Malene Jade G
980. SANGUIR, Aileen M
981. SANSON, Rosebell L
982. SANTELLA, Janice J
983. SANTIAGO, Arceelyn J
984. SANTIAGO, Mark Andrew M
985. SANTIAGO, Rita Therese F
986. SANTIAGO, Ronald O
987. SANTILLAN, Steve M
988. SANTIZO, Nicholas C
989. SANTOS, Gail Joseph S
990. SANTOS, Julius Loren C
991. SANTOS, Rio Rose B
992. SANTOS, Sammy Dave A
993. SANTOS, Thomas Angelo A
994. SAPGUIAN, Vicky Louise G
995. SAPIO, Milcah T
996. SARAUSAD, Manuel Elijah J
997. SARIBONG, Tina Marie C
998. SARINES, Agatha Grace A
999. SARMIENTO, Michael Franks T
1000. SARON, Ednalyn R
1001. SARTHOU, JR., Ronald Luke T
1002. SAYSON, Markgregor Edward C
1003. SEGOVIA, Jan Michael K
1004. SERAFICO, Mary Mae Jane A
1005. SERRANO, Janz Hanna Ria N
1006. SEÑA, Andrea Isabel B
1007. SEÑOR, Nes Patrick K
1008. SIAPIAN, Alvin A
1009. SICANGCO, Paulo Alberto T
1010. SICLOT, Haney Lynn G
1011. SILVA, Albert Christian C
1012. SILVA, Julie Ann G
1013. SILVESTRECE, Niño Anthony M
1014. SIO, Nathaniel Eric U
1015. SIPIN, Kristianne Laridor M
1016. SIRIBAN, Victor Andrew A
1017. SISON, Jeniffer P
1018. SISON, Sheila C
1019. SOCIAS, Jairus T
1020. SORIA, Ivy Agatha V
1021. SORIANO, Ivon Francis Y
1022. SOTTO, Jillienne Grace M
1023. SOTTO, Leighton John M
1024. STA. ANA, Marie Micaela T
1025. STO. DOMINGO, Charmaine N
1026. SUAREZ, Andre Anton S
1027. SUAREZ, Maria Socorro D
1028. SUAREZ, Ronald Ryan T
1029. SUBA-RODRIGUEZ, Anne Gillian G
1030. SUING, Ma. Niña Jasmin R
1031. SULIT, Ma. Ricca Pearl S
1032. SULTAN, Val Christian T
1033. SUMAGUI, Ma. Angeles B
1034. SUYAT, Katrine Paula V
1035. SY, Alwyn U
1036. SY, Edson Byron K
1037. SY, Kriselle Samantha D
1038. TABIGNE, Richard D
1039. TABINGAN, Jeona Mae S
1040. TABLADA, Kaven B
1041. TABORA, Jake Rupert T
1042. TAGRA, Earl C
1043. TAGUIAM, Lorraine G
1044. TAJON, Marlowe Doms R
1045. TAJON, Mayvelyn P
1046. TAMAYAO, Michael Jhon M
1047. TAMAYO, Anna Clarife M
1048. TAMBASEN, Alora Mae J
1049. TAMBIAC, Gray S
1050. TAN, Aimee Beryl C
1051. TAN, Franz Kevin R
1052. TAN, Joshua A
1053. TAN, Ma. Donnabel T
1054. TAN, Patrick P
1055. TAN, JR., Gerardo R
1056. TANATE, Marianie C
1057. TANG, Rhomellie B
1058. TANGO, IV, Brian Benson G
1059. TANGOAN, Chris Francis C
1060. TANHUECO, Maria Karrissa A
1061. TAYABAN, Vanessa B
1062. TAYAG, Maria Angeline L
1063. TAÑUTE, Richelle R
1064. TECSON, Jacky Lyn O
1065. TEE, Divine Grace C
1066. TELOG, Thania Marie L
1067. TENORIO, Milmon Bryce C
1068. TENORIO, Regine Amor P
1069. TEPORA, Marian C
1070. TETANGCO, Patrick Arnold P
1071. TEVES, Ma. Cassandra C
1072. THELMO, Marie Angelica M
1073. TIATCO, Misheena Joyce C
1074. TINAPAY, Earl Tristan Ian A
1075. TIU, Alisha S
1076. TIU, Elaine B
1077. TIU, JR., Michael T
1078. TO, Mellisa Joyce Y
1079. TODA, Annalee Joyce C
1080. TOLENTINO, Irish Tom T
1081. TOLENTINO, Joyce Maika J
1082. TOLENTINO, Karissa Faye R
1083. TOLENTINO, Marlene Amparo C
1084. TONGCO, Candice Christine O
1085. TONGSON, JR., Luisito G
1086. TORIO, Cerizar Vicente S
1087. TORRE-RONDEZ, Maria Luisa Cristina K
1088. TORRES, Archiesyl S
1089. TORRES, Jose Carlos S
1090. TORRES, Karen Andrea D
1091. TORRES, Ronald Hallid D
1092. TORRES, JR., Edgar Y
1093. TORRIJOS, Corinna Lorenza T
1094. TORRIJOS, Ma. Mercedes Leanne Antonia B
1095. TORTOLES, Catherine Rose R
1096. TRANGIA-SOLIS, Buena Joy C
1097. TRAVILLA, Cherrel Joy S
1098. TRAZO, Greta Monica D
1099. TRINIDAD, Cherry Lynn M
1100. TRINIDAD, Regina Camille A
1101. TRONO, Gene Mae E
1102. TUASON, Juan Miguel D
1103. TUBIG, George Herbert N
1104. TUGADE, Salvador Andrew S
1105. TUGADI, Wayne A
1106. TULLAO, Fernando R
1107. TUMACDER, Mikhail Maverick P
1108. ULIP, Rhonella L
1109. UMALI, Kristine Camille Y
1110. UMALI, Marie Gene Cecille B
1111. UMEREZ, Enrico L
1112. URANI, Ryan L
1113. URDAS, Krisleen Grace T
1114. USMAN, Maleiha E
1115. USSAM, Reymund Al F
1116. UY, Herazeus Christine Y
1117. UY, Jameson P
1118. UY, Jonathan Buemio
1119. VALBERDE, Jordan Elizabeth C
1120. VALBUENA, Adrian N
1121. VALCOS, Keith Alexandra S
1122. VALDEZ, Jules Boy R
1123. VALENZUELA, Jana Monica Z
1124. VALERIO, Carlo B
1125. VALERIO, Neo Y
1126. VALLEJOS, Virgel Amor O
1127. VALLESTERO, Rizza Joy S
1128. VARGAS, Edgar A
1129. VAÑO, Rhee Christopher C
1130. VELARDE, Patricia C
1131. VELASCO, Raymond Q
1132. VELAYO, Lovely Aissa B
1133. VELOSO, Pinky D
1134. VENDIOLA-CABANILLA, Isiderlyne M
1135. VENERACION, Carmen Cecilia T
1136. VERDEJO, Jonathan N
1137. VERGARA, Marianne T
1138. VICENTE, Glaiza Kaye C
1139. VICENTE, Rowell B
1140. VILLALOBOS, Maria Kamille E
1141. VILLAMOR, Ralph Julious L
1142. VILLANUEVA, Ma. Jade B
1143. VILLANUEVA, Viviene B
1144. VILLAREAL, Jobelle U
1145. VILLARTA, Hannah Joy A
1146. VILLEGAS, Chandine Kaye P
1147. VILLENA, Ezekiel Joshua L
1148. VILLENA, James Ryan B
1149. VINLUAN, Mark C
1150. VIOLA, Stephanie-eden T
1151. VISTA, Ann Margarette C
1152. VIVAR, Clarisse Nicole S
1153. VIVAR, Ma. Theresa Carmina E
1154. WEIGAND, Esther M
1155. WILWAYCO, Dianna Louise R
1156. WONG, Arnel Vincent A
1157. YACAPIN, Myra Vita C
1158. YAN, Veronica Mae C
1159. YANES, Marian R
1160. YANG, Rowena B
1161. YBAÑEZ, Joseph B
1162. YCONG, Mhealler T
1163. YECYEC, Jo Edward F
1164. YPARRAGUIRRE, Robbie James D
1165. YU, Acelynne Joanne O
1166. YUSON, Christian Anthony B
1167. ZAFRA, Jordan G
1168. ZAFRA, IV, Jose P
1169. ZARASPE, Jenn Krystel C
1170. ZATARAIN, Marni Rose D
1171. ZENAROSA, Anna Karenina A
1172. ZULUETA, Isabel S
1173. ZULUETA, Redmond John D
1174. ZUÑIGA, Fatima Eliza O

How to Apply Police Clearance in Manila

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Narito ang mga practical na tips kung papaano kumuha ng police clearance (applicable lang ito para sa mga nasa Manila pero maaari mo rin itong gawing reference kung ikaw ay nasa ibang lugar sa Pilipinas)

  1. Pumunta sa Manila Police District, U.N. Avenue, sa Police Clearance building.
  2. Kumuha ng form (Fee: P0.00)
  3. Magbayad sa cashier + present valid ID (Fee: 180.00)
  4. Kumuha ng CEDULA (P5.00)
    1. NOTE: Naniningil sila ng P30.00, which is dapat, P5.00 lang according to Commonwealth Act 465
    2. ADVICE: Kung may cedula na kayo dati or gusto nyo makatipid, pumunta ng City Hall ng Manila upang makakuha ng mas murang cedula. Maaari din kayong tumawad at sabihin na “Boss, pasensiya ka na, P10.00 na lang talaga pera ko, pamasahe ko pa pabalik ito.” Pero sabihin ito sa mahina at mahinahong boses.
  5. Pumunta sa Finger printing (P0.00)
    1. NOTE: Naniningil si ate ganda ng P5.00 para sa wet tissue.
    2. ADVICE: Bring your own tissue at sabihin kay ate na mayruon ka ng dala. Huwag mong hintaying si ate ang kumuha at magbukas ng wet tissue para sa iyo. Magdala din ng alcohol para mabango ang kamay.
  6. Pumila para sa picture taking at signature (P0.00)
    1. NOTE: Mabilis at magalang ang nag e-encode dito. Maiiwan ang application form mo sa encoder.
    2. ADVICE: Huwag kang maangas at sumunod sa instruction ng encoder para mabilis ang usapan. May instance pa na tinanong ng encoder kung married o single yung aplikante so deretso ang sagot dahil di naman niya uusisain ang iyong love life.
  7. Kunin ang iyong resibo para sa processing, resibo sa cedula at mismong cedula at maghintay na tawagin ang iyong pangalan upang makuha ang iyong clearance at ID.
    1. NOTE: Ang validity ng iyong Police Clearance ID ay tatagal ng anim (6) na buwan or six months mula ng ito ay ibigay sa iyo.
    2. ADVICE: Hindi ko natanong kung pwedeng kahit wala na lang ID at papel lang ang kailangan mo. Baka nagmahal ang processing fee ay dahil sa ID na binibigay nila na para sa akin ay optional naman pero somehow, convenient dahil proof of identification ito sa maiksing panahon.

In summary, mabilis ang proseso pero hindi ako sang-ayon sa P30.00 na cedula. Ok pa sana kung P10.00 yun, di ako aangal pero sa mataas na halaga– mukhang kaduda-duda.

FYI, yung ibang mga articles kasi sa net, outdated na kaya nag-post ako ng panibago. Sana, di ko na maranasan ulit ito. Whew!

References:

 

7 Tips in Passing the Bar Exam

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7 Tips to Pass Bar Exams

7 Tips to Pass Bar Exams

This was originally posted at Silliman’s University Blog and written by Ivan Maxino Bandal who placed 6th last 2011 bar examination.

  1. Do not rely on yourself, trust in God.
  2. The best law school to prepare is where you are currently enrolled.
  3. Actual review starts the moment you enter law school.
  4. Find time to enjoy as you prepare.
  5. Choose quality over quantity.
  6. Take care of your health during the exam week.
  7. Just do your best!

These are only the main keynotes of his testimonial. If you want to read the whole article, visit http://su.edu.ph/testimonial/37-7%20Tips%20on%20Passing%20the%20Bar for more detail.s

Letters of Credit, Warehouse Receipts Law and Trust Receipts Law Jurisprudence (2014)

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Galvez vs CA (GR 187919)

The Philippine Supreme Court limited the extent of the possible criminal liability of the fraud foisted by the accused individuals in the case of Galvez vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 187919, February 20, 2013) from syndicated estafa under Presidential Decree No. 1689  to simple estafa under Article 315 (2)(a) of the Revised Penal Code.

PD 1689 imposes capital punishment for swindling committed by five or more persons where the defraudation results in the misappropriation of moneys contributed by stockholders, or members of rural banks, cooperative, “samahang nayon(s)”, or farmers’ associations, or of funds solicited by corporations/associations from the general public.

In the Galvez case, Asia United Bank (AUB) granted a P250 Million Omnibus Credit Line in favor of Radio Marine Network, Inc. (RMSI). Subsequently, this credit line was increased to P452 Million. RMSI was doing business under the name Smartnet Philippines and/or Smartnet Philippines, Inc. (SPI).

A group of directors and officers of RMSI then created a separate subsidiary and named it “SPI.” This group represented to AUB that their subsidiary was the same as Smartnet Philippines in order to secure a US$29,300 worth of irrevocable letter of credit from AUB when in fact, this company had only P62,500 of paid-up capital.

AUB filed a criminal complaint for syndicated estafa under PD 1869 against the bogus “SPI”   The Supreme Court however ruled that this “SPI” group can only be charged simple estafa under Article 315 (2) (a) of the Revised Penal Code. Under the Penal Code, estafa is committed by any person who shall defraud another by, among others, false pretenses or fraudulent acts executed prior to or simultaneous with the commission of fraud.

The Court noted that PD 1689 speaks of a syndicate of five or more individuals who are members of the association or corporation formed with the intention of carrying out the unlawful scheme for the misappropriation of the money contributed by the members of the same association or corporation or the money collected from the general public.

In the case of the spurious “SPI” group, the individuals were not in any way related either by employment or ownership to AUB. They were outsiders who, by their machinations, were able to defraud a corporation, which is AUB in this case. If they had been members or officers of AUB, then syndicated estafa would have been the proper charge.

The Court summarized how PD 1689 should be interpreted:

  1. PD 1689 also covers commercial banks;
  2. The swindling must be committed through the association or corporation, which operates on funds solicited from the general public;
  3. When the number of the accused are five or more, the crime is syndicated estafa and the penalty is capital punishment;
  4. When the number of accused is less than five, the criminal liability is reclusion temporal (12 years and 1 day to 20 years) to reclusion perpetua (20 years and 1 day to 40 years); and
  5. PD 1689 does not apply regardless of the number of the accused, when, (a) the entity soliciting funds from the general public is the victim and not the means through which the estafa is committed, or (b) the offenders are not owners or employees who used the association to perpetrate the crime, in which case, Article 315 (2)(a) of the Revised Penal Code applies.

In 2005, the Philippine Congress passed a law prohibiting the imposition of the death penalty. Instead, the maximum penalty that can be imposed is forty years without the benefit of parole.

From http://www.fnslaw.com.ph/articleAAC03.html

Bank of America vs CA (GR 105395)

There would at least be three (3) parties: (a) the buyer, who procures the letter of credit and obliges himself to reimburse the issuing bank upon receipts of the documents of title; (b) the bank issuing the letter of credit, which undertakes to pay the seller upon receipt of the draft and proper document of titles and to surrender the documents to the buyer upon reimbursement; and, (c) the seller, who in compliance with the contract of sale ships the goods to the buyer and delivers the documents of title and draft to the issuing bank to recover payment.

Facts : Bank of America received an Irrevocable Letter of Credit issued by Bank of Ayudhya for the Account of General Chemicals Ltd., Inc. for the sale of plastic ropes and agricultural files. Under the letter of credit, Bank of America acted as an advising bank and Inter-Resin Industrial Corp. (IR) acted as the beneficiary. Upon receipt of the letter advice, Inter- Resin told Bank of America to confirm the letter of credit.

Notwithstanding such instruction, Bank of America failed to confirm the letter of credit. Inter-Resin made a partial availment of the Letter of Credit after presentment of the required documents to Bank of America. After confirmation of all the documents Bank of America issued a check in favor of IR. BA advised Bank of Ayudhya of IR’s availment under the letter of credit and asked for the corresponding reimbursement. IR presented documents for the second availment under the same letter of credit. However, BA stopped the processing of such after they received a telex from Bank of Ayudhya delaring that the LC fraudulent. BA sued IR for the recovery of the first LC payment.

The IR contended that Bank of America should have first checked the authenticity of the letter of credit with bank of Ayudhya

Issue: Whether or not Bank of America may recover what it has paid under the letter of credit to Inter-Resin

Held: May Bank of America then recover what it has paid under the letter of credit when the corresponding draft

There would at least be three (3) parties: (a) the buyer, who procures the letter of credit and obliges himself to reimburse the issuing bank upon receipts of the documents of title; (b) the bank issuing the letter of credit, which undertakes to pay the seller upon receipt of the draft and proper document of titles and to surrender the documents to the buyer upon reimbursement; and, (c) the seller, who in compliance with the contract of sale ships the goods to the buyer and delivers the documents of title and draft to the issuing bank to recover payment.

The services of an advising (notifying) bank may be utilized to convey to the seller the existence of the credit; or, of a confirming bank 16 which will lend credence to the letter of credit issued by a lesser known issuing bank; or, of a paying bank, which undertakes to encash the drafts drawn by the exporter. Further, instead of going to the place of the issuing bank to claim payment, the buyer may approach another bank, termed the negotiating bank, 18 to have the draft discounted.

Bank of America has acted independently as a negotiating bank, thus saving Inter-Resin from the hardship of presenting the documents directly to Bank of Ayudhya to recover payment. As a negotiating bank, Bank of America has a right to recourse against the issuer bank and until reimbursement is obtained, Inter-Resin, as the drawer of the draft, continues to assume a contingent liability thereon.

Furthermore, bringing the letter of credit to the attention of the seller is the primordial obligation of an advising bank. The view that Bank of America should have first checked the authenticity of the letter of credit with bank of Ayudhya, by using advanced mode of business communications, before dispatching the same to Inter-Resin finds no real support.

From http://lexmercatoriaphilippines.wordpress.com/2014/03/15/bank-of-america-nt-sa-v-court-of-appeals-and-francisco-et-al-g-r-no-105395-december-10-1993/

MWSS vs. Hon. Daway (GR 160732)

The prohibition under Sec 6 (b) of Rule 4 of the Interim Rules does not apply to the the standby letter of credit issued by the bank as the former prohibition is on the enforcement of claims against guarantors or sureties of the debtors whose obligations are not solidary with the debtor.

The concept of guarantee vis-à-vis the concept of an irrevocable letter of credit are inconsistent with each other. The guarantee theory destroys the independence of the bank’s responsibility from the contract upon which it was opened and the nature of both contracts is mutually in conflict with each other. A Standby Letter of Credit is not a guaranty because under a Standby Letter of Credit, the bank undertakes a primary obligation. On the other hand, a guarantor undertakes a collateral obligation which arises only upon the debtor’s default. A Standby Letter of Credit is a primary obligation and not an accessory contract.

Facts: Maynilad obtained a 20-year concession to manage, repair, refurbish, and upgrade existing Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) water delivery and sewerage services in Metro Manila’s west zone. Maynilad, under the concession agreement undertook to pay concession fees and itsforeign loans. To secure its obligations, Maynilad was required under Section 9 of the concession contract to put up a bond, bank guarantee or other security acceptable to MWSS. Pursuant to this requirement, Maynilad arranged on for a three-year facility with a number of foreign banks led by Citicorp Intl for the issuance of an irrevocable standby letter of credit (SLC) in the amount of $ 120 million in favor of MWSS for the full and prompt payment of Maynilad’s obligations to MWSS. Due to devaluation of the peso and other business reversals of Maynilad, MWSS filed a notice of early termination of the concession contract. Upon certification of the non performance of Maynilad obligation, the MWSS moved to collect from Citicorp on the standby letters of credit issued. Maynilad filed for corporate rehabilitation.   Judge Daway stayed the payment of the letter of credit by Citicorp pursuant to Sec 6 (b) of Rule 4 of the Interim Rules on Corporate Rehabilitation.

Issue: Whether or not the payment of the standby of letter of credit can be stayed by filing of a petition for rehabilitation

Held: No. The prohibition under Sec 6 (b) of Rule 4 of the Interim Rules does not apply to the the standby letter of credit issued by the bank as the former prohibition is on the enforcement of claims against guarantors or sureties of the debtors whose obligations are not solidary with the debtor.

The participating bank’s obligation under the letter of credit are solidary with respondent Maynilad in that it is a primary, direct, definite and an absolute undertaking to pay and is not conditioned on the prior exhaustion of the debtors assets. These are the same characteristics of a surety or solidary obligor. And being solidary, the claims against them can be pursued separately from and independently of the rehabilitation case.

Issuing banks under the letters of credit are not equivalent to guarantors. The concept of guarantee vis-à-vis the concept of an irrevocable letter of credit are inconsistent with each other. The guarantee theory destroys the independence of the bank’s responsibility from the contract upon which it was opened and the nature of both contracts is mutually in conflict with each other. In contracts of guarantee, the guarantor’s obligation is merely collateral and it arises only upon the default of the person primarily liable. On the other hand, in an irrevocable letter of credit, the bank undertakes a primary obligation. We have also defined a letter of credit as an engagement by a bank or other person made at the request of a customer that the issuer shall honor drafts or other demands of payment upon compliance with the conditions specified in the credit.

A Standby Letter of Credit is not a guaranty because under a Standby Letter of Credit, the bank undertakes a primary obligation. On the other hand, a guarantor undertakes a collateral obligation which arises only upon the debtor’s default. A Standby Letter of Credit is a primary obligation and not an accessory contract

From http://lexmercatoriaphilippines.wordpress.com/2014/03/15/metropolitan-waterworks-and-sewerage-system-v-hon-reynaldo-b-daway-g-r-no-160732-june-21-2004/

Another digest at http://ustlawreview.com/pdf/vol.XLIX/Cases/MWSS_v._Daway.pdf

Transfield Philippines vs Luzon Hydro Electric Corp (GR 146717)

The independent nature of the letter of credit may be: (a) independence in toto where the credit is independent from the justification aspect and is a separate obligation from the underlying agreement like for instance a typical standby; or (b) independence may be only as to the justification aspect like in a commercial letter of credit or repayment standby, which is identical with the same obligations under the underlying agreement. In both cases the payment may be enjoined if in the light of the purpose of the credit the payment of the credit would constitute fraudulent abuse of the credit.

Facts: Transfield Philippines (Transfield) entered into a turn-key contract with Luzon Hydro Corp. (LHC).Under the contract, Transfield were to construct a hydro-electric plants in Benguet and Ilocos. Transfield was given the sole responsibility for the design, construction, commissioning, testing and completion of the Project. The contract provides for a period for which the project is to be completed and also allows for the extension of the period provided that the extension is based on justifiable grounds such as fortuitous event. In order to guarantee performance by Transfield, two stand-by letters of credit were required to be opened. During the construction of the plant, Transfield requested for extension of time citing typhoon and various disputes delaying the construction. LHC did not give due course to the extension of the period prayed for but referred the matter to arbitration committee. Because of the delay in the construction of the plant, LHC called on the stand-by letters of credit because of default. However, the demand was objected by Transfield on the ground that there is still pending arbitration on their request for extension of time.

Issue: Whether or not LHC can collect from the letters of credit despite the pending arbitration case

Held: Transfield’s argument that any dispute must first be resolved by the parties, whether through negotiations or arbitration, before the beneficiary is entitled to call on the letter of credit in essence would convert the letter of credit into a mere guarantee.

The independent nature of the letter of credit may be: (a) independence in toto where the credit is independent from the justification aspect and is a separate obligation from the underlying agreement like for instance a typical standby; or (b) independence may be only as to the justification aspect like in a commercial letter of credit or repayment standby, which is identical with the same obligations under the underlying agreement. In both cases the payment may be enjoined if in the light of the purpose of the credit the payment of the credit would constitute fraudulent abuse of the credit.

Jurisprudence has laid down a clear distinction between a letter of credit and a guarantee in that the settlement of a dispute between the parties is not a pre-requisite for the release of funds under a letter of credit. In other words, the argument is incompatible with the very nature of the letter of credit. If a letter of credit is drawable only after settlement of the dispute on the contract entered into by the applicant and the beneficiary, there would be no practical and beneficial use for letters of credit in commercial transactions.

The engagement of the issuing bank is to pay the seller or beneficiary of the credit once the draft and the required documents are presented to it. The so-called “independence principle” assures the seller or the beneficiary of prompt payment independent of any breach of the main contract and precludes the issuing bank from determining whether the main contract is actually accomplished or not. Under this principle, banks assume no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any documents, or for the general and/or particular conditions stipulated in the documents or superimposed thereon, nor do they assume any liability or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality, condition, packing, delivery, value or existence of the goods represented by any documents, or for the good faith or acts and/or omissions, solvency, performance or standing of the consignor, the carriers, or the insurers of the goods, or any other person whomsoever.

From http://lexmercatoriaphilippines.wordpress.com/2014/03/15/transfield-philippines-vs-luzon-hydro-electric-corp-gr-no-146717-nov-22-2004/

PNB vs. Benedito (GR 119231)

Noah’s Ark Sugar Refinery issued Warehouse Receipts on several dates. The receipts are substantially in the form, and contains the terms, prescribed for negotiable warehouse receipts by Section 2 of the law.

Subsequently, Warehouse Receipts Nos. 18080 and 18081 were negotiated and endorsed to Luis T. Ramos; and Receipts Nos. 18086, 18087 and 18062 were negotiated and endorsed to Cresencia K. Zoleta. Ramos and Zoleta then used the quedans as security for two loan agreements – one for P15.6 million and the other for P23.5 million – obtained by them from the Philippine National Bank. The aforementioned quedans were endorsed by them to the Philippine National Bank.

Luis T. Ramos and Cresencia K. Zoleta failed to pay their loans upon maturity on January 9, 1990. Consequently, on March 16, 1990, the Philippine National Bank wrote to Noah’s Ark Sugar Refinery demanding delivery of the sugar stocks covered by the quedans endorsed to it by Zoleta and Ramos. Noah’s Ark Sugar Refinery refused to comply with the demand alleging ownership thereof, for which reason the Philippine National Bank filed with the Regional Trial Court of Manila a verified complaint for “Specific Performance with Damages and Application for Writ of Attachment” against Noah’s Ark Sugar Refinery, Alberto T. Looyuko, Jimmy T. Go and Wilson T. Go, the last three being identified as the sole proprietor, managing partner, and Executive Vice President of Noah’s Ark, respectively.

 

  1. COMMERCIAL LAW; WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS LAW; THE UNCONDITIONAL PRESENTMENT OF THE RECEIPTS FOR PAYMENT CARRIED WITH IT THE ADMISSIONS OF THE EXISTENCE AND VALIDITY OF THE TERMS, CONDITIONS AND STIPULATIONS WRITTEN ON THE FACE OF THE WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS, INCLUDING THE UNQUALIFIED RECOGNITION OF THE PAYMENT OF WAREHOUSEMAN’S LIEN FOR STORAGE FEES AND PRESERVATION EXPENSES; CASE AT BAR. – Petitioner is in estoppel in disclaiming liability for the payment of storage fees due the private respondents as warehouseman while claiming to be entitled to the sugar stocks covered by the subject Warehouse Receipts on the basis of which it anchors its claim for payment or delivery of the sugar stocks. The unconditional presentment of the receipts by the petitioner for payment against private respondents on the strength of the provisions of the Warehouse Receipts Law (R.A. 2137) carried with it the admission of the existence and validity of the terms, conditions and stipulations written on the face of the Warehouse Receipts, including the unqualified recognition of the payment of warehouseman’s lien for storage fees and preservation expenses. Petitioner may not now retrieve the sugar stocks without paying the lien due private respondents as warehouseman.
  2. ID.; ID.; ID.; WAREHOUSEMAN’S LIEN; POSSESSORY IN NATURE. – While the PNB is entitled to the stocks of sugar as the endorsee of the quedans, delivery to it shall be effected only upon payment of the storage fees. Imperative is the right of the warehouseman to demand payment of his lien at this juncture, because, in accordance with Section 29 of the Warehouse Receipts Law, the warehouseman loses his lien upon goods by surrendering possession thereof. In other words, the lien may be lost where the warehouseman surrenders the possession of the goods without requiring payment of his lien, because a warehouseman’s lien is possessory in nature.

From http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1996/apr1996/119231.htm

Colinares vs CA (GR 90828)

The ownership of the merchandise continues to be vested in the person who had advanced payment until he has been paid in full, or if the merchandise has already been sold, the proceeds of the sale should be turned over to him by the importer or by his representative or successor in interest.

Facts: Melvin Colinares and Lordino Veloso (hereafter Petitioners) were contracted for a consideration of P40,000 by the Carmelite Sisters of Cagayan de Oro City to renovate the latter’s convent at Camaman-an, Cagayan de Oro City. Colinares applied for a commercial letter of credit with the Philippine Banking Corporation, Cagayan de Oro City branch (hereafter PBC) in favor of CM Builders Centre. PBC approved the letter of credit for P22,389.80 to cover the full invoice value of the goods. Petitioners signed a pro-forma trust receipt as security.

PBC debited P6,720 from Petitioners’ marginal deposit as partial payment of the loan. After the initial payment, the spouses defaulted. PBC wrote to Petitioners demanding that the amount be paid within seven days from notice. Instead of complying with PBC’s demand, Veloso confessed that they lost P19,195.83 in the Carmelite Monastery Project and requested for a grace period of until 15 June 1980 to settle the account. Colinares proposed that the terms of payment of the loan be modified P2,000 on or before 3 December 1980, and P1,000 per month . Pending approval of the proposal, Petitioners paid P1,000 to PBC on 4 December 1980, and thereafter P500 on 11 February 1981, 16 March 1981, and 20 April 1981. Concurrently with the separate demand for attorney’s fees by PBC’s legal counsel, PBC continued to demand payment of the balance. On 14 January 1983, Petitioners were charged with the violation of P.D. No. 115 (Trust Receipts Law) in relation to Article 315 of the Revised Penal Code

During trial, petitioner Veloso insisted that the transaction was a “clean loan” as per verbal guarantee of Cayo Garcia Tuiza, PBC’s former manager. He and petitioner Colinares signed the documents without reading the fine print, only learning of the trust receipt implication much later. When he brought this to the attention of PBC, Mr. Tuiza assured him that the trust receipt was a mere formality. The Trust Receipts Law does not seek to enforce payment of the loan, rather it punishes the dishonesty and abuse of confidence in the handling of money or goods to the prejudice of another regardless of whether the latter is the owner. Here, it is crystal clear that on the part of Petitioners there was neither dishonesty nor abuse of confidence in the handling of money to the prejudice of PBC. Petitioners continually endeavored to meet their obligations, as shown by several receipts issued by PBC acknowledging payment of the loan.

Issue: Whether or not the transaction of Colinares falls within the ambit of the Law on Trust Receipt

Held: Colinares received the merchandise from CM Builders Centre on 30 October 1979. On that day, ownership over the merchandise was already transferred to Petitioners who were to use the materials for their construction project. It was only a day later, 31 October 1979, that they went to the bank to apply for a loan to pay for the merchandise. This situation belies what normally obtains in a pure trust receipt transaction where goods are owned by the bank and only released to the importer in trust subsequent to the grant of the loan.

The bank acquires a “security interest” in the goods as holder of a security title for the advances it had made to the entrustee. The ownership of the merchandise continues to be vested in the person who had advanced payment until he has been paid in full, or if the merchandise has already been sold, the proceeds of the sale should be turned over to him by the importer or by his representative or successor in interest. To secure that the bank shall be paid, it takes full title to the goods at the very beginning and continues to hold that title as his indispensable security until the goods are sold and the vendee is called upon to pay for them; hence, the importer has never owned the goods and is not able to deliver possession. In a certain manner, trust receipts partake of the nature of a conditional sale where the importer becomes absolute owner of the imported merchandise as soon as he has paid its price. There are two possible situations in a trust receipt transaction. The first is covered by the provision which refers to money received under the obligation involving the duty to deliver it (entregarla) to the owner of the merchandise sold. The second is covered by the provision which refers to merchandise received under the obligation to “return” it (devolvera) to the owner. Failure of the entrustee to turn over the proceeds of the sale of the goods, covered by the trust receipt to the entruster or to return said goods if they were not disposed of in accordance with the terms of the trust receipt shall be punishable as estafa under Article 315 (1) of the Revised Penal Code, without need of proving intent to defraud.

From http://lexmercatoriaphilippines.wordpress.com/2014/03/15/colinares-v-ca-g-r-no-90828-september-5-2000/

Landl vs Metrobank (GR 159622)

The possession by the bank of the goods under the trust receipts does not bar collection of the loan. Mere possession does not amount to foreclosure for foreclosure denotes the procedure adopted by the mortgagee to terminate the rights of the mortgagor on the property and includes the sale itself. Neither can said repossession amount to dacion en pago. Dation in payment takes place when property is alienated to the creditor in satisfaction of a debt in money and the same is governed by sales. Dation in payment is the delivery and transmission of ownership of a thing by the debtor to the creditor as an accepted equivalent of the performance of the obligation.

Facts: Landl Co opened Commercial Letter of Credit No. 4998 with respondent bank, in the amount of US$19,606.77, which was equivalent to P218,733.92 in Philippine currency at the time the transaction was consummated. The letter of credit was opened to purchase various welding rods and electrodes from Perma Alloys, Inc., New York, U.S.A., As an additional security, and as a condition for the approval of petitioner corporation’s application for the opening of the commercial letter of credit, respondent bank required petitioners Percival G. Llaban and Manuel P. Lucente to execute a Continuing Suretyship Agreement to the extent of P400,000.00.

Upon arrival of the goods in the Philippines, petitioner corporation took possession and custody thereof. On the maturity date of the trust receipt, petitioner corporation defaulted in the payment of its obligation to respondent bank and failed to turn over the goods to the latter. The goods were sold for P30,000.00 to respondent bank as the highest bidder. The proceeds of the auction sale were insufficient to completely satisfy petitioners’ outstanding obligation to respondent bank, notwithstanding the application of the time deposit account of petitioner Lucente. Accordingly, respondent bank demanded that petitioners pay the remaining balance of their obligation. After petitioners failed to do so, respondent bank instituted the instant case to collect the said deficiency.

Issue: Whether or not possession by the bank of the goods under the trust receipts does not bar collection of the loan.

Held: The initial repossession by the bank of the goods subject of the trust receipt did not result in the full satisfaction of the petitioners’ loan obligation. Petitioners are apparently laboring under the mistaken impression that the full turn-over of the goods suffices to divest them of their obligation to repay the principal amount of their loan obligation. The entrustee’s possession of the subject machinery and equipment being precisely as a form of security for the advances given to TCC under the Letter of Credit, said possession by itself cannot be considered payment of the loan secured thereby. Payment would legally result only after PNB had foreclosed on said securities, sold the same and applied the proceeds thereof to TCC’s loan obligation. Mere possession does not amount to foreclosure for foreclosure denotes the procedure adopted by the mortgagee to terminate the rights of the mortgagor on the property and includes the sale itself. Neither can said repossession amount to dacion en pago. Dation in payment takes place when property is alienated to the creditor in satisfaction of a debt in money and the same is governed by sales. Dation in payment is the delivery and transmission of ownership of a thing by the debtor to the creditor as an accepted equivalent of the performance of the obligation.

A trust receipt is inextricably linked with the primary agreement between the parties. Time and again, we have emphasized that a trust receipt agreement is merely a collateral agreement, the purpose of which is to serve as security for a loan. Thus, in Abad v. Court of Appeals, we ruled: A letter of credit-trust receipt arrangement is endowed with its own distinctive features and characteristics. Under that set-up, a bank extends a loan covered by the letter of credit, with the trust receipt as security for the loan. In other words, the transaction involves a loan feature represented by the letter of credit, and a security feature which is in the covering trust receipt. x x x. A trust receipt, therefore, is a security agreement, pursuant to which a bank acquires a “security interest” in the goods. It secures an indebtedness and there can be no such thing as security interest that secures no obligation. The Trust Receipts Law was enacted to safeguard commercial transactions and to offer an additional layer of security to the lending bank. Trust receipts are indispensable contracts in international and domestic business transactions. The prevalent use of trust receipts, the danger of their misuse and/or misappropriation of the goods or proceeds realized from the sale of goods, documents or instruments held in trust for entruster banks, and the need for regulation of trust receipt transactions to safeguard the rights and enforce the obligations of the parties involved are the main thrusts of the Trust Receipts Law.

From http://lexmercatoriaphilippines.wordpress.com/2014/03/16/landl-co-vs-metropolitan-bank-trust-company-g-r-no-159622-july-30-2004/

 

Philippines Law School Entrance Exam Tips and Sample Questions

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Tips in taking Philippines Law School Exam

Tips in taking Philippines Law School Exam

Inside Philippines Law Students Group (PHLSG), one of our members asked the below question and I can’t help but to share my own tips.

Hello everyone! I will take law school entrance exam soon. Any pointers to review? What are the possible essay topics? Thank You!

Pointers to review:

  • Know the law – read the codal, read newspapers, ask who knows about the law.
  • Understand the law – at least, show to the examiner that you have a grasp of what you are about to take.
  • Use the law – and learn how to apply them based on the given question.

You are applying as a law student. Of course, there is no better pointer but to point out that in every corner of the question, there is a law involve. But what if there is not? Remember Article 9 of the New Civil Code of the Philippines.

Possible Questions:

  • What is law? (The most anticipated question! “Law is useless to the poor but useful for the rich.” Just kidding!)
  • Why do you want to become a lawyer? (To become rich, famous and be respected. Be frank but cunning.)
  • Between a poor and rich person, who will you help first? (A tricky question. you need to qualify your answer. My answer: I will help both of them by giving legal advise because it is my duty as a person and to my community)
  • You have witnessed a crime, what will you do? (This is procedural, read Rules of Court, Rule 110 – Prosecution of Offenses)
  • What is Libel? (Just define according to the law, if you do not know, make sure you write the important keywords: imputation, identity, publication & malice)
  • What is the difference between Murder and Homicide? (In Murder, there was a presence of qualifying circumstance as defined in the Revised Penal Code while in homicide, there is none. Then expound further your answer to get full credit.)
  • A person who wants to kill himself jumped at the building but survived upon landing on a car. X, driver of said car died. What is the liability of X, if any. (The most famous case in our courts… Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide. Oops, I gave the answer! Arg! Whatever, you explain now why.)
  • Carla, 4 years old, was kidnapped by Enrique, the tricycle driver paid by herparents to bring and fetch her to and from school. Enrique wrote a ransom notedemanding P500,000.00 from Carla’s parents in exchange for Carla’s freedom.Enrique sent the ransom note by mail. However, before the ransom note was receivedby Carla’s parents, Enrique’s hideout was discovered by the police. Carla wasrescued while Enrique was arrested and incarcerated. Considering that the ransomnote was not received by Carla’s parents, the investigating prosecutor merelyfiled a case of “Impossible Crime to Commit Kidnapping” against Enrique. Is theprosecutor correct? Why? (3%)
    • SUGGESTED ANSWER:No, the prosecutor is not correct in filing a case for “impossible crime to commitkidnapping” against Enrique. Impossible crimes are limited only to acts which whenperformed would be a crime against persons or property. As kidnapping is a crimeagainst personal security and not against persons or property, Enrique could nothave incurred an “impossible crime” to commit kidnapping. There is thus noimpossible crime of kidnapping. (review bar questions with answers if you have time. But I doubt that they will give you this kind of question since you are only about to enter law school.
  • To determine the existence of employer-employee relationship, the following elements must be present, except one (Watch out for multiple questions as well)
    • A: Power to Select / B: Power to Hire / C: Power to Dismiss / D: Power to Control (Answer is B, the law used selection though hire is also a relative term.)

Expect the unexpected. Now, stop reading this and try to review. There are lots of reviewers to get you started so… good luck and see you in law school!

– wait! If you have a question in mind or personal experience in taking law school entrance exam, feel free to add them in the comments section below. Ciao!


2014 Bar Passers

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2014 Bar Passers

2014 Bar Passers

Kudos to all new panyeros and panyeras aka lawyers!

TOP 10 2014 Bar Passers:

  1. Irene Mae B. Alcobilla from San Beda College-Manila, 85.50%
  2. Christian A. Drilon from Ateneo de Manila University, 85.45%
  3. Sandra Mae T. Magalang from University of the Philippines, 84.60%
  4. Mark Leo P. Bejemino from University of the Philippines, 84.55%;
    Gil E. Garcia II from Ateneo de Davao University, 84.55%;
    Reginald L. Laco from De La Salle Lipa, 84.55%
  5. Michelle D. Liao from University of Cebu, 84.50%
  6. Jose Angelo A. David from San Beda College-Manila, 84.45%
  7. Adrian F. Aumentado from San Beda College-Manila, 84.35%
  8. Rhey David S. Daway from University of the Philippines, 84.20%;
    Fideliz Cardellie B. Diaz from Far Eastern University-DLSU, 84.20%
  9. Jamie Liz F. Yu from University of the Philippines, 84.00%
  10. Tristan Matthew T. Delgado from Ateneo de Manila University, 83.95%

Complete 2014 Bar Passers:

1. ABAD, Joshua B
2. ABALA, Angela Ray T
3. ABALOS, Charinne Hanako M
4. ABANTAS, Shidik T
5. ABAQUITA, JR., Gideon Florante A
6. ABBU, Rufeliz Ann S
7. ABDULLAH, Shayma A
8. ABEJO, Klein Charisse B
9. ABELINDE, Rachel Jane A
10. ABELLA, Angelo R
11. ABELLAR, Mae Ann B
12. ABO, Marvi R
13. ABSIN, Roh Dundee E
14. ABUBAKAR, Gibran B
15. ACASILI, Carl Jillson B
16. ACOSTA, Kristian Nico C
17. ADDAUAN, Francis John A
18. ADLAWAN, Catherine R
19. ADRIANO, Amos Mikhail S
20. ADRIAS, Alma M
21. AGA, Maria Angelica I
22. AGOT, Virnee Joy T
23. AGUANTA, JR., Alejandro E
24. AGUILA, Katrina Elaine C
25. AGUILAR, Christianne P
26. AGUILAR, Francis Ma. G
27. AGUILAR, Jeffrey G
28. AGUTO, Jorneil M
29. ALAMPAY, Maria Patricia N
30. ALAVA, Sylvester A
31. ALBA, Andres Jose M
32. ALBA, Carlo Edison F
33. ALBERTO, Althea Rosanna V
34. ALCANTARA, Francis D
35. ALCANTARA, Regine Andrei P
36. ALCARAZ, Pauline Breissee Gayle D
37. ALCOBILLA, Irene Mae B
38. ALCONERA, Dinnah Mae A
39. ALEGATO, Sul Jolly Angelo V
40. ALEGRE, Remy Rose A
41. ALEJANDRO, Ezerh M
42. ALERTA, Jommel Jann Kris A
43. ALFONSO, Aza M
44. ALFONSO, Erika M
45. ALFORQUE, Dani Q
46. ALHAMBRA, Phoebe Marie V
47. ALIGA, Gwyneth G
48. ALLAREY, Princess Carra C
49. ALMONTE, Mae Lyn T
50. ALONZO, Katherine D
51. ALVAREZ, Jeffrey R
52. ALVAREZ, Paola Sherina A
53. ALVIAR, Joyce B
54. AMAHIT, Floyd Barry C
55. AMARAJA, Yildrim T
56. AMCAY, Jonjon B
57. AMEN, Catherine S
58. AMIL, Jayric L
59. AMILING, Evelyn S
60. AMINAO, Charmine May C
61. AMOR, III, Jaime J
62. ANDAYA-TAY, Melissa Antonette D
63. ANDO, Mayus Ryan D
64. ANDRES, Jennylyn N
65. ANG, Rollie C
66. ANG, Victor Reynaldo C
67. ANGELES, Bernard Allan V
68. ANGELES, Cyrine Anne G
69. ANGUE, Aileen Rose J
70. ANOD, Myra A
71. ANTALAN, Sheena Lynne L
72. ANTONIO, Alexis Francis B
73. ANTONIO, Cristina I
74. APAYA, Edrian M
75. APELLIDO, Kristine Grace O
76. AQUINO, Kathlene G
77. AQUINO, Mark David I
78. ARAGON, Yya E
79. ARBAS, Andrei Christopher G
80. ARCE, Jerome B
81. ARELLANO, Alvin Anthony V
82. ARGEL, Golda Margareth D
83. ARIATE, Eunice Carmela M
84. ARIÑO, Jacob T
85. ARNADO, III, Teofilo C
86. ARONGAT, Arthur John E
87. ARRAIZA, Cheska Maude L
88. ARZAGA, Jeffrey D
89. ARZAGA, Odessa Buena C
90. ATIENZA, Gian Joseph P
91. ATITIW, Victor Corpus J
92. ATON, Carla Zoila Y
93. AUMENTADO, Adrian F
94. AUREUS, Vincent Noel A
95. AUSTRIA, Erastus Sandino B
96. AVILA, Alyssa Daphne M
97. AVISO, Ma. Louise C
98. AYUYAO, Maris Angelica C
99. BABATUAN, Leslie Joie E
100. BACANI, Marlyn R
101. BACATAN, Angeline J
102. BACCAY, Yolanda A
103. BACHOCO, Ed Charles P
104. BACLAY, Francis Paul U
105. BADUA, Kristofferson E
106. BAETIONG, Ma. Adoracion J
107. BAGAGNAN, Ruther Adrian F
108. BAGANG, Darrell L
109. BAGAY, Rose Ann R
110. BAGUIO, Jan Mark P
111. BAGULAYA, Jose Joannes S
112. BALBAS, Julius Harvey P
113. BALDIA, Edwin Marc T
114. BALINANG, JR., Luvimindo R
115. BALITON, Malucar P
116. BALMES, Kriselle S
117. BALT, Al-rashid L
118. BALT, Aminah C
119. BALTAZAR, John Philip A
120. BALUCAN, Chembeelyn A
121. BALVERDE, Roan U
122. BANAAG, Steffi Reizza E
123. BANDOMA, Jon Andre C
124. BANZON, Melvin Joseph L
125. BARBARA, Ailene B
126. BARDOQUILLO, Leah Lara M
127. BARENG, Shiel Joy G
128. BARRAMEDA, Eljay Jose M
129. BARREDO, Grethel G
130. BARTOLOME, Ana Karina P
131. BARTOLOME, Karol Chaim P
132. BASMAYOR, Michelle V
133. BATACAN-CAMACHO, Renizza Belle E
134. BATERNA, Jared Marc E
135. BATNAG, Odina E
136. BATU, Karen S
137. BATUNGBACAL, Mina Franchesca D
138. BAUNTO, Hapsah S
139. BAUTISTA, Diana Roselle V
140. BAUTISTA, Nino Carlo C
141. BAUTISTA, Pearl Charisse D
142. BAUTISTA, Veronicaliza H
143. BAUZON, Lanie V
144. BAYAD, Bernadette M
145. BAYAD, JR., Fernando T
146. BAYANG, Maria Victoria A
147. BAYOT, Miguel R
148. BAÑAGA, Robbie M
149. BEJEMINO, Mark Leo P
150. BELEY-ARNESTO, Mary Rose T
151. BELLO, Cristina Marie T
152. BELTRAN, Mikhail Julwyn B
153. BENAID, Wynchill B
154. BENEDIAN, JR., Pablito C
155. BENITEZ, Cecille T
156. BENTULAN, JR., Alfredo L
157. BERCASIO, Jela Myka LL
158. BERNAL, Samantha Lei R
159. BERNALES, Rolando A
160. BERNARDINO, Abigail F
161. BERNARDO, Jansen F
162. BERNARDO-SAGABAEN, Mary Ann N
163. BERNASOR, Lou Wella Mae S
164. BESAÑES, Niño G
165. BILOCURA, Jennelyn D
166. BINAY, Sharmagne Joy A
167. BINULUAN, Junerick N
168. BIRAO, Emmanuel G
169. BLANCO, Chiara Angela L
170. BOHOL, Illac G
171. BOJADOR, Francis Lauro R
172. BONAOBRA, Kevin A
173. BONIFACIO, Ma. Angela B
174. BONTUYAN, Diwa Rafael B
175. BORJA, Diane Camilla R
176. BORRICANO, Doreen F
177. BOSANTOG, Jonathan P
178. BRAGAT, Ophie Easter M
179. BRAMPIO, Aubrey Joy D
180. BRILLANTES, Constanza B
181. BRIONES, Niña Arlyn L
182. BRIONES, Reuben T
183. BRUTAS, Jolas E
184. BUBAN, III, Mamerto N
185. BUENA, Kriska Marna A
186. BUENA, Mark Orline S
187. BUENAOBRA, Jomyr B
188. BUENO, Flordeliz Marina U
189. BUENO, Ma. Anna Margarita V
190. BUENO, Mikhail Lenin B
191. BUGARIN, Matisa C
192. BUGAYONG, Vanessa S
193. BULANGA-CASINILLO, Diana Michelle T
194. BUOT, Krisben Zilner P
195. BUSALPA, Genny Pearl B
196. BUYSER, Jed Lance C
197. CABADING, James Michael D
198. CABANILLA, Jonna C
199. CABANTING, Arwin V
200. CABATINGAN, Alpi Andro B
201. CABAYSA, Elvis Bennet C
202. CABRERA, Daniel Rafael G
203. CABRIGA, Catalino R
204. CABUGSA, Josephus G
205. CACERES, Ira I
206. CACHO, Aireen M
207. CADIGAL, Jose Almarius P
208. CADIZ, Leonel P
209. CAFE, Ryan P
210. CAGA-ANAN, Cathleen Terry E
211. CALALANG, Joseph Ivan V
212. CALDERON, Geoffry A
213. CALDERON, Leah Zilpah A
214. CALLETONG, Jasmin G
215. CALUAG, Bon Jeffrey M
216. CALUGAY, Dongil T
217. CALULOT, Marinelle M
218. CALURA, JR., Quirino E
219. CAMBRI, Marydine L
220. CANIBAN, Mark Darryl A
221. CAPILI, Remar S
222. CARABBACAN, John John B
223. CARDENAS, Antonio Miguel M
224. CARDIÑO, Kent C
225. CARILLO, Janilet Mishelle R
226. CARLOS, Archie G
227. CARLOS, VI, Richard Lee B
228. CARPENA, Blessie Rose L
229. CASIGURAN, Roselle U
230. CASIL, Mariane S
231. CASTAÑEDA, Jose Francisco E
232. CASTILLO, Alyssa Carmelli P
233. CASTILLO, Gerard M
234. CASTRO, Bethel Edgar B
235. CASTRO-ZAPATA, Abigail P
236. CATACUTAN, Ace Joseph B
237. CATALAN, Mia Laine C
238. CAUAN, IV, Cayetano B
239. CAYCO, Patricia Gail V
240. CAÑETE, Edan Marri R
241. CAÑETE, Sarah Jean G
242. CELERA, Emme Cheayanne S
243. CELERIDAD, Paolo O
244. CELSO, Ellen Faye L
245. CENIZA, Michael G
246. CERILLES, JR., Mario C
247. CERVANTES, Dindo R
248. CHAGUILE, Michelle A
249. CHAN, Clariesse Jami Mari A
250. CHAN, Howard Y
251. CHAN, Joyce Aiza Z
252. CHAN, Wharton R
253. CHAVEZ, Sarah Lynn G
254. CHEN, Mara Kriska L
255. CHEW, James Earl R
256. CHI, Julius Czar G
257. CHOI, Jacqueline Mae S
258. CHUA, Chantal C
259. CHUA, Edric Christian E
260. CHUA, Jennica C
261. CHUA, Rachel Bernadette B
262. CHUA, Ronald O
263. CIPRES, Bryan Orville R
264. CISNEROS, JR., Luis Q
265. CLAREZA, JR., Eleuterio E
266. CLAVERIA-BADONG, Veronica DL
267. CLEMENTE, Christine C
268. CLIMACO, Evangelenne V
269. CO, Gerald S
270. CO, Joahn T
271. CO, Jocelyn C
272. CO, Pia Isabel O
273. CO, Ray Ann M
274. COLINARES, Ma. Lourdes N
275. COLLADO, Chelmarie V
276. COLLADO, Reena Mae L
277. COLUMNA, Christopher P
278. COLUMNA, Lorelei R
279. COMAFAY, Melisa Jane B
280. CONCEPCION, Denise G
281. CONDE, Eduard C
282. CONDE-NGOLAB, Jenny D
283. CONSUNJI, Mary Gladys Stephanie G
284. CORNEL, Charles B
285. CORPUS, Mario Lorenzo V
286. CORPUZ, Sheila I
287. CORRALES, Joan Rouella P
288. COSCOLLUELA, Shawn Dustin B
289. CRISOSTOMO, Danielle Alessandra D
290. CRISPINO, Ma. Kristine Rhem T
291. CRUZ, Alejandro Arlan P
292. CRUZ, Faith Roslyndale T
293. CRUZ, Jinky Ann H
294. CRUZ, Katrina P
295. CRUZ, Kristine Clarisse L
296. CU, Krystle Ritz T
297. CULA, Darwin H
298. CULVERA, Don H
299. CUNANAN, Paul Vincent T
300. CUNTAPAY, Girlie Mei D
301. CURAMMENG, JR., Reynold B
302. CUSTODIO, Alexandria Demi A
303. CUYO, Emerson G
304. DAAN, Evita A
305. DABBAY, Vincent Ray F
306. DADAYAN, Farouk M
307. DAGANTA, Fely Rose R
308. DAHAP, Maria Laurice G
309. DAMAOLAO, Rodelo Martin M
310. DAMASCO, Alex B
311. DAMASCO, Israel A
312. DATOC, Charmaine P
313. DAUZ, Timothy Clark B
314. DAVID, Jose Angelo A
315. DAVIDE, Patricia Janelli A
316. DAWAY, Rhey David S
317. DAYAG, Florian Kim P
318. DAYAG, Steven M
319. DAYPUYAT, Shylla Fe C
320. DE ALBAN, Dominic Victor C
321. DE ASIS, Aveneer K
322. DE CASTRO, Mardane Gizelle A
323. DE GRACIA, Angela Marie M
324. DE GUIA, Anne Rose R
325. DE GUZMAN, Aljon D
326. DE GUZMAN, Catleya L
327. DE GUZMAN, Pristine B
328. DE JESUS, Nerissa N
329. DE JESUS, Philip Edward A
330. DE JESUS, Tracy Ann DJ
331. DE LA CRUZ, Alma Isabel T
332. DE LA CRUZ, Gizle M
333. DE LA CRUZ, John Rafael T
334. DE LA FUENTE, Larry V
335. DE LA ROSA, Barbara Irene Y
336. DE LEON, Dino S
337. DE LEON, Girlie Venus E
338. DE LEON, Isaac D
339. DE LEON, Kaycee Ann B
340. DE MESA, Jennifer D
341. DEE, Celine Melanie A
342. DEE, Czarina Angelie B
343. DEINLA, Josalee S
344. DEL FONSO, Westly Rey V
345. DEL ROSARIO, Delañarose A
346. DEL ROSARIO, Mary Grace O
347. DELA CRUZ, Carissa Leonor Xyza I
348. DELA CRUZ, Dana Genevieve C
349. DELA CRUZ, Dennis L
350. DELA CRUZ, Jan Michael S
351. DELA CRUZ, Jastine Marie B
352. DELA CRUZ, Jemuel B
353. DELA CRUZ, Julian Rodrigo A
354. DELA CRUZ, Kenneth Lloyd G
355. DELA CRUZ, Rozanne B
356. DELA CUESTA, Jay Marie C
357. DELA ROSA, Bryan Lloyd L
358. DELA ROSA, Maridel P
359. DELFIN, Cherry Marie E
360. DELFIN, Estelle Marielle F
361. DELGADO, Honey Rose E
362. DELGADO, Romella M
363. DELGADO, Tristan Matthew T
364. DELOS ANGELES, JR., Domingo P
365. DELOS REYES, Angelico Zenon M
366. DELOS REYES, Mark Erwin W
367. DELOS SANTOS, Glenn D
368. DELOS SANTOS, Madelyn C
369. DELOSO, Omar P
370. DEMAIN, Nathaniel P
371. DEMAISIP, Ma. Josephine Gerardine N
372. DESUYO, Jo-ana Marie P
373. DIAL-QUIGAO, Ma. Ramelisa D
374. DIALOGO, Karlo M
375. DIAMANTE, Mary Joy Anne A
376. DIANA, John Ronnel D
377. DIAZ, Fideliz Cardellie B
378. DIAZ, Jan Jason Jendrik C
379. DIAZ, Maria Lovella M
380. DIEGO, Marshall Ellis M
381. DINSAY, V, Frank Eduard C
382. DISCIPULO, Gierne Gail Q
383. DIZON, Erika C
384. DIZON, Rose Angelique P
385. DIZON, JR., Arthur B
386. DOCTOLERO, Julie L
387. DOMEYEG, Carla O
388. DOMINGO, Riyah Lalaine L
389. DOMINO, Jenny Jean B
390. DORIA, Loreto B
391. DORINGO, Seychelles June M
392. DRILON, Christian A
393. DRILON, Patrick C
394. DULAY, Jericson D
395. DUMALASA, Sean Paulo M
396. DUMALOS, Cirille Anne L
397. DUMANAT, Janellee A
398. DUMAYAS, Daryl Ray F
399. DYCHITAN, Pamela Marie F
400. EBDANE, Bayani S
401. ECALNIR, Erol Roudel C
402. ECHAVEZ, Ronna Lissa E
403. ECHIVERRI, Kingjohn Ericson M
404. ELMIDO, Jan Christopher P
405. ENDALUZ, Marie Jourgen B
406. ENRIQUEZ, Claire Joy G
407. ENRIQUEZ, Gabriel Alfonso C
408. ERANDIO, Athena Louise F
409. ESCALADA, Ryan Carlo P
410. ESCOLANO, Paul Medard L
411. ESCOSURA-BUSTAMANTE, Leslie C
412. ESCOTO, Jamie P
413. ESCOVILLA, Joseph Patrick O
414. ESGUERRA, Rafael Rodrigo S
415. ESPARAGUERA, Miguel A
416. ESPELETA, Camille Angela M
417. ESPERANZA, Annaliza G
418. ESPINA, Carlo Eduardo M
419. ESPINOSA, Carol-v S
420. ESPINOSA, Jose Joven Paulo M
421. ESPINOSA, Ma. Monica Leticia T
422. ESPIRITU, Aizelle Marie D
423. ESPIRITU, Elaine Rose Z
424. ESQUIVEL, Ron-erwin D
425. ESQUIVIAS, Ma. Carmela Florentyna A
426. ESTEBAN, Gelie Erika P
427. ESTELLA, Jessrey G
428. ESTOLAS, Benjamin Jose S
429. EVANGELISTA, Abigail F
430. EVANGELISTA, Carlo F
431. EXMUNDO, Reisa Marie J
432. FABICO, Krizia Yvette O
433. FABILE, Abigail M
434. FACUNLA, Jeffrey M
435. FALCIS, III, Jesus Nicardo M
436. FARCON, Jose Florinio Y
437. FELIX, Christine Angelica D
438. FELIX, Razel Ann P
439. FELIZMENIO, Marinella P
440. FERNAN, Harry Gwynn Omar M
441. FERNANDEZ, James Abalos
442. FERNANDEZ, Kae Dee C
443. FERNANDEZ, Meriam Consuelo B
444. FERNANDEZ, II, Antonio Timothy A
445. FERNIN, Michael Jayson S
446. FERRER, Jefferson Wilfredo P
447. FERRER, Julius Abraham C
448. FERRER-LEGASPI, Jan Adrienne B
449. FLORDELIZA, Henry C
450. FLORES, Danilo S
451. FORTALEZA, Karen F
452. FRAGANTE, Criela DF
453. FRANCISCO, Oliver G
454. FRIAS, Jerome Bart M
455. FUCOY, Alyssa Agustina A
456. FUECONCILLO-EVANGELISTA, Aleander P
457. FURUYAMA, Ken D
458. GA, Marianne Aiza T
459. GADOR, Ken R
460. GAHOL, Ralph Laurence M
461. GALAGAR, Philip S
462. GALAN, Cherie Amor C
463. GALANG, Roi Andrei S
464. GALAROSA, Michael Vincent C
465. GALENDEZ, Ellen P
466. GALIT, Emmanuel P
467. GALIT, Neil Brian P
468. GALLEGO, Erika Marie V
469. GALLITO, Patrick M
470. GALON, Harold A
471. GALOS, III, Reparado B
472. GALVEZ, Micaela Kristina V
473. GAMBOA, Josine Alexandra S
474. GAMILLA, Kristia Anne S
475. GANDIA, Tephanie M
476. GANZON, Pearl Margaret C
477. GARCIA, Cesar Domini C
478. GARCIA, Gil, Ii E
479. GARCIA, Lordie Grace D
480. GARCIA, Vianne Marie O
481. GARGAR, Ma. Edaliza J
482. GARINGAN, Francesse C
483. GARMA, Angelica C
484. GAUDIEL, Kristine T
485. GAUNA, Maria Rufa Theresa S
486. GAVIOLA, Gian Franco G
487. GAYOS, Edgardo Alexander O
488. GELVEZON-TABITA, Salvacion
489. GEVERO, Sergie V
490. GIBA, Analyn M
491. GIDUCOS, Mohammad Jamalul J
492. GIRONELLA, Genesis John R
493. GLEYO, Marco Ray S
494. GLIPONEO, Lizglen L
495. GO, Eden Jerby C
496. GO, Rom- Raison E
497. GODINEZ, John Henley C
498. GONZALES, Claudine Joy C
499. GONZALES, Edwin Prince I
500. GONZALES, Jeffrey Jay C
501. GONZALES, Sharwina W
502. GRAGEDA-FLORES, Joanna Mayelle T
503. GRAIDO, Helen Maureen V
504. GRANTOZA, Camille Jennifer L
505. GRATELA, Merl Margaret O
506. GREGORY, Ma. Nenita Yumi N
507. GREPO, Carla Regina P
508. GREPO, Jesse Raphael R
509. GRUBA, Katherine Therese
510. GRUESO, Niña A
511. GUBAT, Bennet A
512. GUCO, Jammelle Marie A
513. GUERRERO, Ellis Emmanuel M
514. GUIANG, Francis Gil D
515. GUIANG, Mary Algen E
516. GUINIGUNDO, Dan Abraham G
517. GURO, Mojahid S
518. GUTIERREZ, Ricardo Jesus E
519. GUTIERREZ, JR., Eduardo R
520. GUZMAN, Roger Joseph S
521. HAMDAG, Princess D
522. HAO, Louie Lynne T
523. HARDER, Irene Estela T
524. HATOL, Michelle Marie U
525. HAULO, Oilie S
526. HERNANDEZ, Ana Victoria S
527. HERNANDEZ, Charmaine M
528. HERNANDEZ, Jason A
529. HERNANDEZ, Michael Vincent T
530. HERRERA, Grethel L
531. HERRERA, Mara Kristina G
532. HERRERA, Michael Kris Ben T
533. HERRERO, Vanessa T
534. HIRANG-OLAVE, Katrina Isabel P
535. HIZON, Jaybee S
536. HIZON, Kenneth James Carlo C
537. HIZON, King James Carlo C
538. HUFANO, Jack Bryan D
539. IBARRA, Joahnes Crizelle T
540. IBARRA, Lucille Mae L
541. IBAÑEZ, Charmaine C
542. IGNACIO, Azyleah V
543. ILAGAN, Ma. Karla Josee C
544. ILORETA, Debbie Joy I
545. INFANTE, Seth M
546. INTAL, Pauline Grace R
547. INTIG, Estela Joy M
548. ISIDRO, Evangeline M
549. ISIDRO, III, Maximo S
550. ISLES, Maychelle A
551. IWAY, Lourdes Mary L
552. JAMILLA, Nicole Rose Margaret D
553. JATAYNA, Emmanuel A
554. JAVIER, Karen O
555. JAVIER, Paolo Miguel V
556. JAVILLONAR, J-ann Violeta J
557. JAVIÑA-RODRIGUEZ, Jean Violette A
558. JONGKO, Jan Michael R
559. JUANENGO, Ma. Katrina Nadine G
560. JUMAWAN, Ruel O
561. JUNI, Noel S
562. JUSI, Czarina Vijulet N
563. KADATAR-MALDIS, Feliza C
564. KALANG-AD, Manuel, Jr. C
565. KIAT-ONG, Aaron A
566. KO, Marianne Karyl C
567. KO, Richard V
568. KOGA, Ken B
569. KUA, Kesterson T
570. LABASTIDA, Mae N
571. LABAYO, Hale Oliver M
572. LABRADOR, Ernielineo B
573. LACAP, Danielle Angela R
574. LACO, Reginald L
575. LACSINA, Clarabel Anne R
576. LADLAD, Joseph C
577. LAGASCA, Kamille Deanne M
578. LAGUING, Robert Paul G
579. LAGURA, Valerius Rufino B
580. LAQUI, Dahlia D
581. LARES, Yaye D
582. LARINO, Emily Joy A
583. LASQUITE, Jesus Franco B
584. LAURITO, Karen F
585. LAURITO, Roderick C
586. LAWYER, Christian Apollo U
587. LAYLO, John Albert B
588. LAYOG, Francis Mark H
589. LAZARO, Phoebe Ann F
590. LEAÑO, Czarina Janis Rhaetia
591. LEAÑO, I, Conrad Ezra M
592. LEDDA, Joanna Katrina L
593. LEE, Marvin Andrew C
594. LEGARDE, Ludanielle N
595. LEGASPI, Jenelyn B
596. LEONARDO, Micaella N
597. LEONES, Christine S
598. LEYSON, Brian B
599. LIAO, Michelle D
600. LIBATIQUE, Jewel F
601. LIGGAYU, Ryan M
602. LIM, Christian Louie U
603. LIM, Cristine C
604. LIM, Gretchel N
605. LIM, Innah Samantha S
606. LIM, Ma. Margarita S
607. LIM, Ryan Jade D
608. LIM, Shery Paige A
609. LIMBO-CABUHAT, Verna S
610. LIMQUIACO, Jared G
611. LINGAO, Cherylette P
612. LIRIA, Carmel G
613. LIWAG, Vernice C
614. LLANERA, Mary Ann B
615. LLANILLO, Jasper June G
616. LLAVE, Miguel Leander L
617. LLESIS, Arbie S
618. LO, Rhodora P
619. LOBO, Jemuel Paolo M
620. LOMOTAN, Jonathan Joseph R
621. LOPEZ, Jayson Pangilinan
622. LOPEZ, Joseph S
623. LOPEZ, Marco Angelo Felix L
624. LORENZO, Ann Margaret K
625. LORENZO, Jan Michael D
626. LORESCA, Lovelyn C
627. LORETO, Emmallaine Leonille V
628. LOVERIA, Roman Carlo R
629. LUCIDO, Le Iris T
630. LUCMAN, Hijara-stephanie B
631. LUCMAYON, Juris Anne G
632. LUMAAD, Roseanne E
633. LUMANLAN, Ralfh Aldrin M
634. LUMANOG, Erlaine Vanessa D
635. LUMBRE, Charmaine Joy V
636. LUMINARIAS, Coleen Claudette R
637. LUNA, Alden Reuben B
638. MABA, Samaira C
639. MABULAC, II, Bienvenido L
640. MACALANDA, April Fleurenz Rose C
641. MACARAEG, Mc Guelvin S
642. MACARAMBON, Sa’aduddin L
643. MACASPAC, Teresa Micaela M
644. MADARANG, Patricia A
645. MADARIETA, Ma Cristina M
646. MADKI, Normalah S
647. MADLANGBAYAN, Mariel C
648. MADRIAGA, Marie Kris C
649. MADRID, Kristoffer Gabriel L
650. MADRID, Riceli G
651. MAGABO, Regine Joy L
652. MAGALANG, Sandra Mae T
653. MAGALLANES, Cliff-cyril A
654. MAGALLANES, Clyde L
655. MAGALLANES, Katrina Mae P
656. MAGAT, Kristianne S
657. MAGBANUA, Mary Angela R
658. MAGBANUA-ANJALIN, Mae Joyce S
659. MAGDAMIT, Moiselle G
660. MAGDAONG, JR., Jorge B
661. MAGHIRANG, Ariel P
662. MAGPANTAY, Regine Empress P
663. MAGPILI, Joe F
664. MAHINAY, Richelle Lou B
665. MAIGUE, Rameses M
666. MAIRINA, Renie R
667. MALALUAN, Krisandra Ann D
668. MALAMUG, Jena Lemienne Mae A
669. MALATE, August Lizer M
670. MALAYLAY, Levi Anthony B
671. MALICAD, Yentl D
672. MANALO, Kriselle Joy B
673. MANALO, Samantha Grace N
674. MANAYON, Diana P
675. MANCELITA, Marga May L
676. MANDIGMA-AGUILA, Jenny M
677. MANDOCDOC, Lisette A
678. MANGAWANG, Ma. Felora A
679. MANGELEN, Aljuhari U
680. MANGUBAT, Loida C
681. MANIEGO, Kristine Rossellini P
682. MANILA, Antonio Ceasar R
683. MANTOS, Beryl B
684. MANUEL, Karen Kaye C
685. MANZANA, Phillip Miguel C
686. MANZANERO, Doren May F
687. MANZANERO, Jeronimo U
688. MAPALO, Ma. Carla P
689. MAQUIRANG, Maria Cecilia S
690. MARCELLA, Ma. Rosann M
691. MARQUEZ, Maria Gwendolyn B
692. MARQUINA, Marlon R
693. MARTIN, Nico Robert R
694. MASACOTE, Ma. Angela D
695. MASANGKAY, Kristel Joy A
696. MATALANG, Mylalyn A
697. MATEO, Oliver P
698. MATIAS, Jamie Angeli T
699. MATIAS, Marvin A
700. MATIBAG, Marc Justin Basil D
701. MATILING, Lorraine Kier J
702. MATIONG, Hennessy Keshia T
703. MEDIJA, Joy Ann V
704. MEDINA, Eilyn E
705. MEJIA, Janine Angela T
706. MENDIOLA, Raiza Nicole G
707. MENDOZA, Jose Maria G
708. MENDOZA, Mark Evan V
709. MENDOZA, Mary Catherine L
710. MENDOZA, Niña Suzette M
711. MENDOZA, Othello, Ii M
712. MENDOZA, Roxanne Marie A
713. MERCADO, Edwina A
714. MERCADO, Kenneth N
715. MESINA, Mari Janine Evan D
716. MIGUEL, Ellis L
717. MILANES, Rainier Anthony M
718. MILLENA, Rebeca G
719. MINA, James Anthony R
720. MINDARO, Cesar Augustine N
721. MIRANDA, Gian Carlo E
722. MISCREOLA, Herbert B
723. MONSANTO-NEDAMO, Kristine Athena H
724. MORADA, Neil John M
725. MORAÑA, Aimee C
726. MORAÑA, Chleriza Vinky C
727. MORO, Karl Kristjan B
728. MOSCOSO, Chad Martin D
729. MUSNI, Czarina Golda S
730. MUTIANGPILI, Jhoana Marie P
731. NADAL, Jordan V
732. NADONGA, Jeremae R
733. NAGPALA, Carlo Benedict L
734. NARAG, Christopher B
735. NARTATEZ, Carell Ryza E
736. NATIVIDAD, Angelique Margret T
737. NAVARRO, Danielle Mae D
738. NAVARRO, Elvira Denise DM
739. NAVARRO, Kristina R
740. NAVARRO, Peter John T
741. NAVIDA, Veromic E
742. NAYRE, Maria Liza L
743. NEPOMUCENO, Tarcila B
744. NG, Kenneth S
745. NGO, Angelo Bernard O
746. NIEVA, Aubin Arn R
747. NISPEROS, Benedict G
748. NIÑOLAS, Hazel B
749. NOBLE, Alexis Joseph R
750. NOCOM, Roger T
751. NOR, Mark Esmael R
752. NUEGA, Gregory A
753. NUESTRO, Noel G
754. OBEJAS, Kim David M
755. OCABA, Barbara Anne B
756. OCAMPO, Jo Marianni P
757. OCFEMIA, Rea Niña O
758. OCHOA, Ma. Claribel M
759. OCHOCO, Neil Eric E
760. OCLARIT, Janet K
761. OCTAVIANO, Clarence T
762. OCTAVIANO, Leslie Anne O
763. OCUPE, Raymund L
764. ODIVILAS, Thea Amor O
765. ODTOJAN, Leodeeanne Cl T
766. OJA, Redemtor A
767. OLBES, Maricel N
768. OMBAWA, Nassiym A
769. OMNES, Reynaldo R
770. ONG, Evangeline C
771. ONG, Kimverly A
772. ONG ABRANTES, Raymund Christian S
773. ONGSON, Cherry Amor V
774. ONOFRE, Charlon Jay M
775. ONTAL, Benedict D
776. OPORTO, Rule Amethyst L
777. ORCULLO, Hazel Beth D
778. ORIOSTE, JR., Alfonso L
779. ORTAL, Philip Marion A
780. ORTIZ, Jet Mark O
781. OSDON, Charity Anne
782. OSORIO, JR., Ramero S
783. OSOTEO, Maureen Kascha L
784. OZAKI, Kazuma B
785. PAA, Juman B
786. PABLITO, Joshua P
787. PABLO, Niña Gracia L
788. PACETE, May Flor E
789. PACHECO, Leslie Ann M
790. PADLAN, Glaiza May M
791. PAGANAJE, Gladys U
792. PAGDILAO, Kimberly Rose L
793. PAGUIO, Angela Michelle A
794. PAKIL, Ben Taib M
795. PALAD, Daneia Isabelle F
796. PALATTAO, Claudine M
797. PALLONES, Jhoy DR
798. PALMIERY, Fritzielyn Q
799. PALOLA-DE VERA, Elizabeth C
800. PAMATMAT, John Red C
801. PANCIPANCI, Maria Socorro T
802. PANELO, Daniel Von Evan O
803. PANGAN, Ma. Angela B
804. PANGILINAN, Edmund Christian S
805. PANGILINAN, Rafael D
806. PANOPIO, Ashleigh P
807. PAQUIT, Sherlyn P
808. PARADO, II, Medardo T
809. PARAGAS, Mary Niña S
810. PARINGIT, II, Eduardo G
811. PARO, Annie Rose D
812. PARONE, JR., Briccio G
813. PARREÑAS, Ma. Princess F
814. PASCUA, Faye Angela M
815. PASCUAL, Carlo John R
816. PASCUAL, Karen Kate C
817. PASICOLAN, Sheila P
818. PATAC, Valerie Gayle J
819. PATAG, Neil-san G
820. PATAY, Dixie Jane N
821. PATINDOL, Jan Danelle A
822. PATIÑO, Juril B
823. PAUIG, Ferdinand T
824. PAUIG, Jose Bernabe T
825. PAYAWAL-ANGELES, Marianne T
826. PAZ, Ivyrose B
827. PEDRAJAS, Christine T
828. PELAYO, Jasper C
829. PEN, Kenilma E
830. PENACHOS, Patrick I
831. PEORO, Rolly Francis C
832. PEREZ, Bernalyn A
833. PEREZ, Mikko Paolo A
834. PEREZ-ONESA, Sofronia
835. PEÑA, Gideon V
836. PEÑA, Irene V
837. PEÑA, Patricia Ruth E
838. PIERAZ, Iñigo Gabriel C
839. PIJO-SERATE, Annabelle S
840. PILAPIL, JR., Rene G
841. PILARES, Ma. Kristina E
842. PILLOS, Christian F
843. PIMENTEL, Charity E
844. PIMENTEL, Korina Mae V
845. PINEDA, Glaiza V
846. PINGOL, Evan Carlos D
847. PIZARRO, Raymund Erwin M
848. PLATON, III, Vicente Jan O
849. PLECERDA, Kurt Francis O
850. POBLADOR, Maria Celia H
851. POCOT, Laarnie B
852. POLOYAPOY, Randy T
853. PONCE, Kathrina May R
854. POSADAS, Allen Joel G
855. PRESBITERO, Julian Santos B
856. PRIMICIAS, James Joash B
857. PRINCESA, Belen Cristina R
858. PUA, Elisa N
859. PUECA, Jenette O
860. PULLANTE, Irish Rosanne M
861. PUNO, Railla Veronica D
862. PUNZALAN, Jan Dexter B
863. PURA, Sheryl N
864. QUERIDO, Leo Joseph G
865. QUILANETA, Mark Peter M
866. QUIMPO, George Philip W
867. QUINTANA, Aldrin Mark M
868. QUINTO, Ramiila L
869. QUITAIN, Xel Alessandra R
870. QUODALA-FORMOSO, Joanne Janice Q
871. RAMIREZ, Almyrrh Krista F
872. RAMIREZ, Princess L
873. RAMIREZ, Susana Grace Q
874. RAMIREZ, Virlynn Rose R
875. RAMIZO, Jalou C
876. RAMON, Arnel G
877. RAMOS, Jan Aldrin C
878. RAYMUNDO, Katrina Veronica G
879. RAZON, Arvin Kristopher A
880. REAL, III, Jun Edward L
881. RECTO, Michelle Anne B
882. RED-LOCK, Karen Christine S
883. REDOÑA, Dem Thomas T
884. REGIS, Redem Tor F
885. REGONDOLA, Maria Cristina L
886. RELAMPAGOS, Neil Melton V
887. RELENTE, Ernest John G
888. RELLOSA, Rasiele Rebekah DL
889. REMULLA, Jammy Kate S
890. REMULLA, Nikka Bianca A
891. RENEGADO, Jonathan G
892. RESTAURO, Ruth N
893. RETUYA, Kenneth P
894. REY, Floyd Ericson M
895. REYES, Celerino S
896. REYES, Elmer C
897. REYES, Graciello Timothy D
898. REYES, Lee Realino F
899. REYES, Neil Noe C
900. REYES, Rose Ann P
901. REYES, Roy L
902. REYES, Stephanie Faye B
903. REYES, IV, Clemente L
904. RICARDO, Ruth V
905. RICO, II, Danilo R
906. RIGOR, Miguel Justin R
907. RIGOR-CONCEPCION, Aileen C
908. RIMANDO, Czar Alexis D
909. RIMBAN, Kris Francisco D
910. RIOS, Odenna M
911. RIVAS, Reina Carmel S
912. RIVAS, Vaia G
913. RIVERA, Jan Michael A
914. RIVERA, IV, Gelacio C
915. RIZADA, Julius Frencie M
916. RIZADA, Resci Angelli R
917. ROBLES, Anthony M
918. RODRIGO, Renante C
919. RODRIGUEZ, Ana Margarita A
920. RODRIGUEZ, Francia Romlina S
921. RODRIGUEZ, Paola Krista C
922. ROLEDA, Dimitri Luis T
923. ROLUSTA, Stephanie Joy A
924. ROMA, Shiree Amor P
925. ROMATAN, Rolynda Ezra B
926. ROSALES, Anna Jenny Marie A
927. ROSAS, Franz N
928. ROSETE, Jennifer M
929. ROTAP, John Paul R
930. ROXAS, Erwin E
931. ROÑO, Albert Michelson D
932. RUBIO, Jairus B
933. RUEDA, Rodave B
934. RUIZ, Caroline Socorre L
935. SABA, Cristian P
936. SABUGO, Karen Joy G
937. SACAR-GUILING, Minerva M
938. SADIARIN, Elizabeth Joy M
939. SAILE, Barbara Mae J
940. SALANG, Patricia Concepcion A
941. SALAS, Maria Patricia S
942. SALAZAR, Hanne N
943. SALGADO, Joliza Janelle D
944. SALI, Mohamad Jumer C
945. SALIDAGA, JR., Porferio A
946. SALIMO, Karen M
947. SALIVIO, Yani N
948. SALOMON, Johnittee Z
949. SALUD, Jan Raphael R
950. SALUDES, Ma. Elena R
951. SALUDO, Aaron Marc T
952. SALVA, Pierre Albert L
953. SALVADOR, Henesty Z
954. SALVADOR, II, Lincoln Raymond B
955. SAMAMA, Mohammad Omar A
956. SAMANIEGO, Diana B
957. SAMONTE, Debbie N
958. SAN MIGUEL, Isaiah G
959. SAN PEDRO, Danielle Francesca TC
960. SANCHEZ, Alma Sonia Q
961. SANCHEZ, Ehrnest John C
962. SANCHEZ, Jette Roy G
963. SANCHEZ, Jeza Mae Sarah C
964. SANCHEZ, JR., Raymond C
965. SANDOVAL, JR., Danilo R
966. SANLAO, Art Miguel B
967. SANTIAGO, January Faith B
968. SANTIAGO, Joyce C
969. SANTOS, Jose Justin T
970. SANTOS, Leo-aries Wynner O
971. SANTOS, Raphael D
972. SANTOS, JR., Manolo Aris M
973. SAQUILABON, Christian Lel M
974. SAQUING, Dennis C
975. SARSAGAT, Warren Wyndell D
976. SATO, Paul Tristan B
977. SAWIT, Ramon Jeriel S
978. SERAPIO, Angeli I
979. SERRANO, JR., Ismael T
980. SESO, Alexander D
981. SEVERINO, Emilia Concepcion D
982. SEÑAGAN, Richard Horace D
983. SHARIEF-TABAO, Sorayah M
984. SIAPNO, Liwawa D
985. SIBULO, Marianne C
986. SIENES, Anna-marie S
987. SIGUA, Sheryl E
988. SILVA, Juan Karlo B
989. SILVERIO-ACLAN, Irish L
990. SINCO-GASPAR, Imee Rose S
991. SINGCO, Jon S
992. SINSON, Marcus A
993. SISON, Jasmin M
994. SIY, JR., Wilson E
995. SIÑEL, Rachel Ann A
996. SOBERANO, Junalyn P
997. SOLA, Camille A
998. SOLARTE, Rex L
999. SOLIMAN, Nellaine Annabelle L
1000. SOLLER, April Gayle U
1001. SOLMIRANO, F. Alfontino A
1002. SORIA, Felice Suzanne D
1003. SOTTO, Priscilla Angela O
1004. STA. MARIA, Rafael Gregorio V
1005. SUAREZ, Zarah Patricia T
1006. SUAREZ, JR., Delfin M
1007. SUAREZ-ROTUGAL, Arra Jolly A
1008. SUCGANG, Justin DJ
1009. SUDIO, JR., Wilfredo P
1010. SUPNAD, Karen Feliz G
1011. SUPNET, Rani Angeli C
1012. SUPREMO, Ed Michael E
1013. SUPSUP, Beverly Joyce M
1014. SUYU, Richard L
1015. SY, Diana Willen T
1016. SY, Jerick Anthony J
1017. SY, Rizza Anne O
1018. TABALOC, Carlo C
1019. TABAYAG, Ernalyn J
1020. TABUGON, Jonathan O
1021. TADEO, Anna Camille M
1022. TADILI, Ernani T
1023. TAGLE, Ma. Rizza Blesilda V
1024. TAGUIBAO, Angieli Kim M
1025. TALA, Darlene Alvina P
1026. TALBIN, Noraiza Mae Keith M
1027. TAMESIS, Chris C
1028. TAN, Alfred Edison C
1029. TAN, Andrea G
1030. TAN, Diana Fe B
1031. TAN, Jayvee R
1032. TAN, Joseph E
1033. TAN, Reyena Luz M
1034. TAN, JR., Melvin S
1035. TANGKIA, Louie Marz A
1036. TANQUERIDO, Lyle Rose M
1037. TANSECO, Oliver S
1038. TANTOCO-BRIONES, Jecylene T
1039. TAY, Jonathan John V
1040. TAYCO, Clifford L
1041. TEJADA, Jedyne Venita O
1042. TEJADA, Trina Bianca O
1043. TELOW, Tania Stephanie T
1044. TENORIO, Al Brain C
1045. TEODORICO, Ron Fruto G
1046. TIBON, Rex Elmer G
1047. TIMBANG, Clarisa A
1048. TINAGAN, Dann Peter Douglas E
1049. TINAGAN, Jennifer Simone J
1050. TIONGSON, Frank Lloyd B
1051. TIONGSON, JR., Virgilio A
1052. TOLEDO, Lauren Angelic J
1053. TOLENTINO, Rio Therese E
1054. TONGOHAN, Gifany Ten-ten L
1055. TORION, Alvin A
1056. TORRES, Genevieve L
1057. TORRES, Maria Jerzy Aprille D
1058. TORRES, Raul Marie Ii C
1059. TUAZON, Lea Anne S
1060. TULIAO, Paolo C
1061. TUNG, Bryan Kevin O
1062. TUPAZ, Mikhail Valodya M
1063. TY, Catherine Anne T
1064. ULTRA, Ferminlino C
1065. UY, Michael Marlowe G
1066. VALDEPEÑAS, Via Monina C
1067. VALDEZ, Albert M
1068. VALDEZ, Francis Earl Anthony B
1069. VALENCIANO-ADALLA, Julie Ann A
1070. VALERIO, Jay-r M
1071. VALERO, Michael Ferdenand E
1072. VALLADA, Ariane Mae V
1073. VALLE, Andrew P
1074. VALLECERA, Virgil B
1075. VALLEJO, Raymond V
1076. VALLES, Daryl Ritchie A
1077. VALMORIA, Michael M
1078. VALPARAISO, Janice Ivy G
1079. VARGAS, Akira G
1080. VARGAS, Crisanne Del B
1081. VASQUEZ, Albert T
1082. VEDAN, Veda Marie D
1083. VEGA, Daniel C
1084. VELASQUEZ, Jenin Rosanne H
1085. VELAZCO, Joseph Brian Anthony A
1086. VELOSO, Maria Erika E
1087. VICTORIA, Chaucer A
1088. VICTORIANO, Michael Gerard T
1089. VIDAL, Mirabel R
1090. VIEJO, Michelle Anne P
1091. VIERNES, Rhodalice Michelle S
1092. VILCHES, Alessandra C
1093. VILLA, Ralph N
1094. VILLACORTA, Jose V
1095. VILLALOBOS, An-ja B
1096. VILLAMOR, Niva C
1097. VILLANUEVA, Carla Carmela F
1098. VILLANUEVA, Christian Daniel P
1099. VILLANUEVA, Diega D
1100. VILLANUEVA, Drina A
1101. VILLANUEVA, Michelle A
1102. VILLAR, Loris Marriel B
1103. VILLARICO, Niel John A
1104. VILLARINO, Frances Jan C
1105. VILLENA, Katrina Jorelle P
1106. VILORIA, II, Jessie Villamor J
1107. VINZON, Albert Lawrence A
1108. VIVAS, Angelica F
1109. WAGAS, Darling Chyrmyth
1110. WAKAY, Aileen Joyce L
1111. WEE SIT, Joseph M
1112. WILLIAM, Mhelanie C
1113. YANGSON, Jerson T
1114. YAP, Bojhee Bobby A
1115. YAP, III, Enrique A
1116. YSON, Pamela Marie R
1117. YU, Anne Janelle O
1118. YU, Jamie Liz F
1119. YUMUL, Jena Mae M
1120. ZABALA, JR., Genie R
1121. ZACATE, Zandy A
1122. ZAMORA, Harvey Ecker A
1123. ZANTUA, JR., Emilio V
1124. ZORETA, Jeanina Melle A
1125. ZUBIRI, Jennie Lyn T
1126. ZULUETA, Marian Lucille D
Source:

Statistics:

  • 1126 who passed out of 5984 examinees
  • 18.82 national passing rate
  • passing grade was lowered from 75% to 73% after en banc session
  • oath taking is set on April 24, 2015, 3PM at PICC

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The judge who convicted one of the leaders of the Dominguez car theft group in 2012 was killed in an ambush Wednesday afternoon as he drove towards Metro Manila after a day in court here, police said.

Source: Judge shot dead in Bulacan | Inquirer News

Legal Notes: To the investigator/s, you are not digging enough, sir/s.

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